Hall Judith A, Coats Erik J, LeBeau Lavonia Smith
Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Psychol Bull. 2005 Nov;131(6):898-924. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.131.6.898.
The vertical dimension of interpersonal relations (relating to dominance, power, and status) was examined in association with nonverbal behaviors that included facial behavior, gaze, interpersonal distance, body movement, touch, vocal behaviors, posed encoding skill, and others. Results were separately summarized for people's beliefs (perceptions) about the relation of verticality to nonverbal behavior and for actual relations between verticality and nonverbal behavior. Beliefs/perceptions were stronger and much more prevalent than were actual verticality effects. Perceived and actual relations were positively correlated across behaviors. Heterogeneity was great, suggesting that verticality is not a psychologically uniform construct in regard to nonverbal behavior. Finally, comparison of the verticality effects to those that have been documented for gender in relation to nonverbal behavior revealed only a limited degree of parallelism.
人际互动的垂直维度（与支配、权力和地位相关）与非语言行为相关联进行了研究，这些非语言行为包括面部行为、目光注视、人际距离、身体动作、触摸、声音行为、姿态编码技巧等。研究结果分别总结了人们关于垂直性与非语言行为关系的信念（认知），以及垂直性与非语言行为之间的实际关系。信念/认知比实际的垂直性影响更为强烈且普遍得多。在各种行为中，感知到的关系与实际关系呈正相关。异质性很大，这表明就非语言行为而言，垂直性在心理层面上并非一个统一的概念。最后，将垂直性影响与已记录的性别在非语言行为方面的影响进行比较，结果显示两者仅有有限程度的相似性。
