Wilk Christopher M, Gold James M, McMahon Robert P, Humber Katherine, Iannone Virginia N, Buchanan Robert W
Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Baltimore, MD 21228-0747, and Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Capital Health Care Network, USA.
Neuropsychology. 2005 Nov;19(6):778-86. doi: 10.1037/0894-4105.19.6.778.
Cognitive impairment is well documented in schizophrenia, though some reports have been interpreted to suggest that it is possible to have schizophrenia without neuropsychological impairment. The authors tested this by comparing the neuropsychological profiles of closely matched patients with schizophrenia and healthy comparison participants. Sixty-four patients with schizophrenia and 64 healthy comparison cases, matched to within 3 Full-Scale IQ points, were tested using the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (3rd ed.; D. Wechsler, 1997b) and the Wechsler Memory Scale (3rd ed.; D. Wechsler, 1997c). Neuropsychological profiles for these groups were markedly different, with the group of patients with schizophrenia exhibiting performance deficits in memory and speeded visual processing but superior verbal comprehension and perceptual organization relative to the group of healthy comparison participants matched on Full-Scale IQ. Thus, scoring in the normal range does not preclude neuropsychological abnormality in schizophrenia, confirming that neuropsychological impairment is a core feature of the illness.
认知障碍在精神分裂症中已有充分记录,尽管一些报告被解读为表明有可能患精神分裂症但没有神经心理学损伤。作者通过比较匹配度高的精神分裂症患者和健康对照参与者的神经心理学特征来对此进行测试。使用韦氏成人智力量表(第3版;D.韦克斯勒,1997b)和韦氏记忆量表(第3版;D.韦克斯勒,1997c)对64名精神分裂症患者和64名健康对照者进行测试,后者在全量表智商上与前者相差不超过3分。这些组的神经心理学特征明显不同,与在全量表智商上匹配的健康对照参与者组相比,精神分裂症患者组在记忆和快速视觉处理方面表现出缺陷,但在言语理解和知觉组织方面更具优势。因此,在正常范围内得分并不排除精神分裂症患者存在神经心理学异常,这证实了神经心理学损伤是该疾病的一个核心特征。