Morra P, Bagli S, Spadoni G
Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, Mineraria e delle Tecnologie Ambientali, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, viale Risorgimento n.2, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
Environ Int. 2006 May;32(4):444-54. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2005.10.003. Epub 2005 Dec 13.
An approach for quantifying the human health risk caused by industrial sources, which, daily or accidentally, emit dangerous pollutants able to impact on different environmental media, is introduced. The approach is performed by the HHRA-GIS tool which employs an integrated, multimedia, multi-exposure pathways and multi-receptors risk assessment model able to manage all the steps of the analysis in a georeferenced structure. Upper-bound excess lifetime cancer risk and noncarcinogenic hazards are the risk measures, the spatial distribution of which is calculated and mapped on the involved territory, once all the pathways and receptors of the study area are identified. A sensitivity analysis completes the calculations allowing to understand how risk estimates are dependent on variability in the factors contributing to risk. The last part of the paper makes use of a case study concerning a working industrial site to put in evidence in which way the designed tool can help local authorities and policy makers in managing risks and planning remedial and reduction actions. The considered geographical area is a hypothetical territory characterized by residential, agricultural and industrial zones. The presence of two sources of contamination, a municipal waste incinerator (MWI) and a contaminated site, are evaluated by the tool application. Various typologies of receptors have been taken into account, each of them characterized by different anatomical and dietary properties. The achieved results are analyzed, compared with acceptable and background values and alternatives of minor environmental impact calculated.
介绍了一种量化工业源造成的人类健康风险的方法，这些工业源每天或意外排放能够影响不同环境介质的危险污染物。该方法由HHRA - GIS工具执行，该工具采用集成的、多媒体的、多暴露途径和多受体风险评估模型，能够在地理参考结构中管理分析的所有步骤。上限超额终身癌症风险和非致癌危害是风险度量，一旦确定了研究区域的所有途径和受体，就计算其空间分布并绘制在所涉及的区域上。敏感性分析完善了计算，有助于了解风险估计如何依赖于风险因素的变异性。本文的最后一部分利用一个关于正在运营的工业场地的案例研究，以证明所设计的工具如何能够帮助地方当局和政策制定者管理风险以及规划补救和减排行动。所考虑的地理区域是一个假设的区域，其特点是有住宅区、农业区和工业区。通过工具应用评估了两个污染源，即一个城市垃圾焚烧炉（MWI）和一个污染场地。考虑了各种类型的受体，每种受体都具有不同的解剖学和饮食特性。对所取得的结果进行了分析，与可接受值和背景值进行了比较，并计算了环境影响较小的替代方案。
