CIHEAM-IAMM: Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Montpellier, 3191 Route de Mende, 34093, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
UMR GRED Gouvernance, Risque, Environnement, Développement (UPVM/IRD), Institute of Research for Development (IRD) of Montpellier - UMR GRED, BP 64501, 34394, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2018 May;25(14):14117-14137. doi: 10.1007/s11356-018-1556-7. Epub 2018 Mar 8.
Faced with health, environmental, and socio-economic issues related to the heavy use of pesticides, diffuse phytosanitary pollution becomes a major concern shared by all the field actors. These actors, namely the farmers and territorial managers, have expressed the need to implement decision support tools for the territorial management of diffuse pollution resulting from the plant protection practices and their impacts. To meet these steadily increasing requests, a cartographic analysis approach was implemented based on GIS which allows the spatialization of the diffuse pollution impacts related to plant protection practices on the Etang de l'Or catchment area in the South of France. Risk mapping represents a support-decision tool that enables the different field actors to identify and locate vulnerable areas, so as to determine action plans and agri-environmental measures depending on the context of the natural environment. This work shows that mapping is helpful for managing risks related to the use of pesticides in agriculture by employing indicators of pressure (TFI) and risk on the applicator's health (IRSA) and on the environment (IRTE). These indicators were designed to assess the impact of plant protection practices at various spatial scales (field, farm, etc.). The cartographic analysis of risks related to plant protection practices shows that diffuse pollution is unequally located in the North (known for its abundant garrigues and vineyards) and in the South of the Etang de l'Or catchment area (the Mauguio-Lunel agricultural plain known for its diversified cropping systems). This spatial inequity is essentially related to land use and agricultural production system. Indeed, the agricultural lands cover about 60% of the total catchment area. Consequently, this cartographic analysis helps the territorial actors with the implementation of strategies for managing risks of diffuse pollution related to pesticides use in agriculture, based on environmental and socio-economic issues and the characteristics of the natural environment.
面对与大量使用农药相关的健康、环境和社会经济问题，分散的植物保护污染成为所有领域参与者共同关注的主要问题。这些参与者，即农民和土地管理者，已经表示需要实施决策支持工具，以管理植物保护实践及其影响所导致的土地污染。为了满足这些不断增长的需求，我们实施了基于 GIS 的制图分析方法，该方法允许在法国南部 Etang de l'Or 集水区对与植物保护实践相关的分散污染影响进行空间化。风险图是一种决策支持工具，它使不同的领域参与者能够识别和定位脆弱区域，从而根据自然环境的情况确定行动计划和农业环境措施。这项工作表明，通过使用压力指标（TFI）和对施药者健康（IRSA）和环境（IRTE）的风险指标，对与农业中使用农药相关的风险进行制图分析有助于进行风险管理。这些指标旨在评估不同空间尺度（田间、农场等）下植物保护实践的影响。与植物保护实践相关的风险的制图分析表明，分散的污染在集水区的北部（以其丰富的加里格和葡萄园而闻名）和南部的分布不均（以其多样化的种植系统而闻名的 Mauguio-Lunel 农业平原）。这种空间上的不平等主要与土地利用和农业生产系统有关。事实上，农业用地约占总集水区的 60%。因此，这种制图分析有助于土地管理者根据环境和社会经济问题以及自然环境的特点，实施与农业中农药使用相关的分散污染风险管理策略。
