Bayleyegn Tesfaye, Wolkin Amy, Oberst Kathleen, Young Stacy, Sanchez Carlos, Phelps Annette, Schulte Joann, Rubin Carol, Batts Dahna
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Environmental Health (NCEH), Division of Environmental Hazards and Health Effects, Health Studies Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341-3717, USA.
Disaster Manag Response. 2006 Jan-Mar;4(1):12-8. doi: 10.1016/j.dmr.2005.10.001.
Hurricane Ivan, a Category 3 storm, devastated the Florida panhandle on September 16, 2004, causing extensive property damage and 24 deaths. The Florida Department of Health requested assistance from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to conduct a rapid assessment in Santa Rosa and Escambia counties to determine the health impact of the hurricane and needs of the affected population.
A questionnaire was administered 6 days after the hurricane made landfall. The survey instrument elicited information about house damage, illness/injury, and access to utilities. A modified cluster sampling method was used to select 30 clusters in each county. Seven households were interviewed in each cluster and reported weighted frequencies.
Three quarters of houses in each county were damaged. Households in Santa Rosa and Escambia lacked basic utilities, including regular garbage pick-up, telephone service, and electricity. Fifty-four percent of households in Santa Rosa and 27% in Escambia reported using a generator. The most commonly self-reported health conditions were sleep disturbances in Santa Rosa (54%) and upper respiratory problems in Escambia (46%). Injuries were reported in fewer than 15% of households in each county.
Rapid restoration of power, telephone services, and debris pick-up remained a priority 1 week after the event. Findings demonstrated the need for (1) mental health and primary care services, (2) information about safe generator use, and (3) ways to access medical care and medications.
2004年9月16日，3级飓风“伊万”席卷了佛罗里达州狭长地带，造成了广泛的财产损失和24人死亡。佛罗里达州卫生部请求疾病控制与预防中心提供援助，以便在圣罗莎县和埃斯坎比亚县开展快速评估，以确定飓风对健康的影响以及受灾人群的需求。
在飓风登陆6天后进行问卷调查。该调查工具收集了有关房屋损坏、疾病/伤害以及水电供应情况的信息。采用改良整群抽样方法在每个县选取30个群组。对每个群组中的7户家庭进行访谈，并报告加权频率。
每个县四分之三的房屋受损。圣罗莎县和埃斯坎比亚县的家庭缺乏基本的公用设施，包括定期垃圾清理、电话服务和电力供应。圣罗莎县54%的家庭和埃斯坎比亚县27%的家庭报告使用了发电机。自我报告最常见的健康问题在圣罗莎县是睡眠障碍（54%），在埃斯坎比亚县是上呼吸道问题（46%）。每个县报告受伤的家庭不到15%。
事件发生1周后，迅速恢复电力、电话服务和垃圾清理仍然是优先事项。研究结果表明需要（1）心理健康和初级保健服务，（2）关于安全使用发电机的信息，以及（3）获得医疗护理和药物的途径。
