Benveniste E N
Department of Cell Biology, University of Alabama, Birmingham 35294.
Am J Physiol. 1992 Jul;263(1 Pt 1):C1-16. doi: 10.1152/ajpcell.1992.263.1.C1.
In recent years, there has been increasing evidence that soluble mediators such as cytokines from activated T lymphocytes and macrophages are able to modulate the growth and function of cells found within the central nervous system (CNS), specifically macroglia and microglia cells. Furthermore, glial cells, upon activation, can secrete immunoregulatory factors that influence lymphoid/mononuclear cells as well as the glial cells themselves. Thus the potential exists for bidirectional communication between lymphoid cells and glial cells within the CNS, which in part is mediated via cytokines. This review describes various neurological disease states in which both immune and glial cells may contribute to inflammation and immunologic events occurring in the CNS. The mechanisms by which glial cells both respond to and synthesize a variety of cytokines within the CNS and the capacity of glial cells to acquire major histocompatibility complex antigens and function as antigen-presenting cells within the CNS are described in detail. The implications of these functions, cytokine secretion and antigen presentation, by glial cells are discussed with respect to neurological diseases associated with autoimmunity and/or inflammation.
近年来，越来越多的证据表明，诸如活化T淋巴细胞和巨噬细胞分泌的细胞因子等可溶性介质能够调节中枢神经系统（CNS）内细胞的生长和功能，特别是大胶质细胞和小胶质细胞。此外，胶质细胞激活后可分泌免疫调节因子，影响淋巴细胞/单核细胞以及胶质细胞自身。因此，中枢神经系统内淋巴细胞和胶质细胞之间存在双向通讯的可能性，部分是通过细胞因子介导的。本综述描述了各种神经系统疾病状态，其中免疫细胞和胶质细胞可能都参与了中枢神经系统发生的炎症和免疫事件。详细描述了胶质细胞在中枢神经系统内对多种细胞因子作出反应并合成这些因子的机制，以及胶质细胞在中枢神经系统内获得主要组织相容性复合体抗原并作为抗原呈递细胞发挥作用的能力。针对与自身免疫和/或炎症相关的神经系统疾病，讨论了胶质细胞的这些功能、细胞因子分泌和抗原呈递的意义。
