Benveniste E N
Department of Cell Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35294-0005, USA.
Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 1998 Sep-Dec;9(3-4):259-75. doi: 10.1016/s1359-6101(98)00015-x.
Cytokines and chemokines have been implicated in contributing to the initiation, propagation and regulation of immune and inflammatory responses. Also, these soluble mediators have important roles in contributing to a wide array of neurological diseases such as multiple sclerosis, AIDS Dementia Complex, stroke and Alzheimer's disease. Cytokines and chemokines are synthesized within the central nervous system by glial cells and neurons, and have modulatory functions on these same cells via interactions with specific cell-surface receptors. In this article, I will discuss the ability of glial cells and neurons to both respond to, and synthesize, a variety of cytokines. The emphasize will be on three select cytokines; interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), a cytokine with predominantly proinflammatory effects; interleukin-6 (IL-6), a cytokine with both pro- and anti-inflammatory properties; and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), a cytokine with predominantly immunosuppressive actions. The significance of these cytokines to neurological diseases with an immunological component will be discussed.
细胞因子和趋化因子与免疫和炎症反应的启动、传播及调节有关。此外，这些可溶性介质在多种神经系统疾病中发挥重要作用，如多发性硬化症、艾滋病痴呆综合征、中风和阿尔茨海默病。细胞因子和趋化因子由神经胶质细胞和神经元在中枢神经系统内合成，并通过与特定细胞表面受体相互作用，对这些相同的细胞具有调节功能。在本文中，我将讨论神经胶质细胞和神经元对多种细胞因子作出反应并进行合成的能力。重点将放在三种特定的细胞因子上：γ干扰素（IFN-γ），一种主要具有促炎作用的细胞因子；白细胞介素-6（IL-6），一种兼具促炎和抗炎特性的细胞因子；以及转化生长因子-β（TGF-β），一种主要具有免疫抑制作用的细胞因子。将讨论这些细胞因子对具有免疫成分的神经系统疾病的重要性。
