Marx David M, Goff Phillip Atiba
Department of Social and Organizational Psychology, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
Br J Soc Psychol. 2005 Dec;44(Pt 4):645-57. doi: 10.1348/014466604X17948.
According to stereotype threat theory (Steele, 1997), stereotyped targets under-perform on challenging tests, in part because they are worried about being viewed in terms of the negative stereotype that they are intellectually inferior. How then are the negative effects of stereotype threat reduced for stereotyped targets? To examine this issue, a study was conducted to investigate whether stereotype threat's adverse effects are reduced when a Black experimenter administers a verbal test to Black participants. We further examined the question of whether Black participants have a subjective awareness of stereotype threat. Results showed that when a Black experimenter gave a verbal test to Black participants, they did not suffer the typical performance decrements associated with stereotype threat. Additionally, results supported the hypothesis that Black participants have conscious access to the experience of stereotype threat and that this effect is partially mediated by their endorsement of the stereotype.
根据刻板印象威胁理论（斯蒂尔，1997年），受到刻板印象影响的对象在具有挑战性的测试中表现不佳，部分原因是他们担心会按照负面刻板印象被视为智力低下。那么，如何减少刻板印象威胁对受到刻板印象影响对象的负面影响呢？为了研究这个问题，我们进行了一项研究，以调查当黑人实验者对黑人参与者进行语言测试时，刻板印象威胁的不利影响是否会降低。我们还进一步研究了黑人参与者是否对刻板印象威胁有主观意识这一问题。结果表明，当黑人实验者对黑人参与者进行语言测试时，他们并未遭受与刻板印象威胁相关的典型成绩下降。此外，结果支持了以下假设：黑人参与者能够有意识地体验到刻板印象威胁，并且这种影响部分是由他们对该刻板印象的认同所介导的。
