Nishant K T, Rao M R S
Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.
Bioessays. 2006 Jan;28(1):45-56. doi: 10.1002/bies.20349.
Meiotic recombination occurs preferentially at certain regions called hot spots and is important for generating genetic diversity and proper segregation of chromosomes during meiosis. Hot spots have been characterized most extensively in yeast, mice and humans. The development of methods based on sperm typing and population genetics has facilitated rapid and high-resolution mapping of hot spots in mice and humans in recent years. With increasing information becoming available on meiotic recombination in different species, it is now possible to compare several molecular features associated with hot-spot loci. Further, there have been advances in our knowledge of the factors influencing hot-spot activity and the role that they play in structuring the genome into haplotype blocks. We review the molecular features associated with hot spots in terms of their properties and mechanisms underlying their function and distribution. A large number of these features seem to be shared among hot spots from different species suggesting common mechanisms for their formation and function.
减数分裂重组优先发生在某些称为热点的区域，对于减数分裂期间产生遗传多样性和染色体的正确分离很重要。热点在酵母、小鼠和人类中得到了最广泛的表征。近年来，基于精子分型和群体遗传学的方法的发展促进了小鼠和人类热点的快速和高分辨率定位。随着不同物种减数分裂重组的信息越来越多，现在可以比较与热点位点相关的几个分子特征。此外，我们对影响热点活性的因素及其在将基因组构建成单倍型块中所起的作用的认识也有了进展。我们根据热点的特性及其功能和分布的潜在机制，综述与热点相关的分子特征。这些特征中的许多似乎在不同物种的热点之间是共享的，这表明它们的形成和功能有共同的机制。
