Daanen Hein A M, van der Struijs Norbert R
TNO Defence, Security and Safety, Business Unit Human Factors, P.O. Box 23, 3769 ZG Soesterberg, The Netherlands.
Aviat Space Environ Med. 2005 Dec;76(12):1119-22.
Cold-induced vasodilation (CIVD) is mentioned as a mechanism that may prevent the occurrence of local cold injuries. The magnitude of the CIVD reaction differs considerably between subjects and there were some indications that those subjects with a fast CIVD reaction with high amplitude had a reduced risk for cold injuries. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the magnitude of the finger CIVD reaction in subjects prior to operation in cold areas and to relate these scores to the occurrence of cold injuries.
In order to evaluate the magnitude of the CIVD response, 206 subjects immersed their left middle finger in ice water for 30 min. The Resistance Index for Frostbite (RIF) according to Yoshimura was determined on the basis of the finger skin temperature response. This index ranges from 3 (high risk) to 9 (low risk) depending on the response time and response magnitude. Later, most of the screened subjects deployed as part of a group of 1080 marines for winter operations in Norway.
The Caucasian subjects in this study had higher RIF scores than the non-Caucasians (7.0 +/- 1.6 vs. 6.1 +/- 2.1). The mean RIF was relatively high as compared with a reference group of Japanese male soldiers (6.9 +/- 1.7 vs. 5.7 +/- 1.7). Unexpectedly, smokers had a higher RIF score than non-smokers did. The RIF score was inversely related to pain during the test. There were 54 marines who suffered cold injuries during training in Norway. Of those, 11 were in the measured group of 206 marines. These subjects had a RIF of 5.2 +/- 1.6, as compared with 7.0 +/- 1.6 for the remaining subjects, which was significantly different.
The RIF shows considerable differences between subjects. The RIF, determined in a simple lab test, may be related to the risk for cold injuries during operations in the field.
冷诱导血管舒张（CIVD）被认为是一种可能预防局部冷损伤发生的机制。CIVD反应的程度在个体之间差异很大，并且有一些迹象表明，那些具有快速且高幅度CIVD反应的个体发生冷损伤的风险较低。本研究的目的是确定寒冷地区手术前受试者手指CIVD反应的程度，并将这些分数与冷损伤的发生情况相关联。
为了评估CIVD反应的程度，206名受试者将其左手中指浸入冰水中30分钟。根据吉村法，基于手指皮肤温度反应确定冻伤抵抗指数（RIF）。该指数根据反应时间和反应幅度在3（高风险）至9（低风险）之间变化。之后，大多数被筛选的受试者作为1080名海军陆战队队员的一部分被部署到挪威进行冬季行动。
本研究中的白种人受试者的RIF分数高于非白种人（7.0±1.6对6.1±2.1）。与日本男性士兵的参考组相比，平均RIF相对较高（6.9±1.7对5.7±1.7）。出乎意料的是，吸烟者的RIF分数高于非吸烟者。RIF分数与测试期间的疼痛呈负相关。在挪威训练期间有54名海军陆战队队员遭受冷损伤。其中，在206名海军陆战队队员的测量组中有11人。这些受试者的RIF为5.2±1.6，而其余受试者为7.0±1.6，差异显著。
RIF在个体之间显示出相当大的差异。在简单实验室测试中确定的RIF可能与野外行动期间冷损伤的风险相关。
