Galagan James E, Calvo Sarah E, Cuomo Christina, Ma Li-Jun, Wortman Jennifer R, Batzoglou Serafim, Lee Su-In, Baştürkmen Meray, Spevak Christina C, Clutterbuck John, Kapitonov Vladimir, Jurka Jerzy, Scazzocchio Claudio, Farman Mark, Butler Jonathan, Purcell Seth, Harris Steve, Braus Gerhard H, Draht Oliver, Busch Silke, D'Enfert Christophe, Bouchier Christiane, Goldman Gustavo H, Bell-Pedersen Deborah, Griffiths-Jones Sam, Doonan John H, Yu Jaehyuk, Vienken Kay, Pain Arnab, Freitag Michael, Selker Eric U, Archer David B, Peñalva Miguel A, Oakley Berl R, Momany Michelle, Tanaka Toshihiro, Kumagai Toshitaka, Asai Kiyoshi, Machida Masayuki, Nierman William C, Denning David W, Caddick Mark, Hynes Michael, Paoletti Mathieu, Fischer Reinhard, Miller Bruce, Dyer Paul, Sachs Matthew S, Osmani Stephen A, Birren Bruce W
The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 320 Charles Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.
Nature. 2005 Dec 22;438(7071):1105-15. doi: 10.1038/nature04341.
The aspergilli comprise a diverse group of filamentous fungi spanning over 200 million years of evolution. Here we report the genome sequence of the model organism Aspergillus nidulans, and a comparative study with Aspergillus fumigatus, a serious human pathogen, and Aspergillus oryzae, used in the production of sake, miso and soy sauce. Our analysis of genome structure provided a quantitative evaluation of forces driving long-term eukaryotic genome evolution. It also led to an experimentally validated model of mating-type locus evolution, suggesting the potential for sexual reproduction in A. fumigatus and A. oryzae. Our analysis of sequence conservation revealed over 5,000 non-coding regions actively conserved across all three species. Within these regions, we identified potential functional elements including a previously uncharacterized TPP riboswitch and motifs suggesting regulation in filamentous fungi by Puf family genes. We further obtained comparative and experimental evidence indicating widespread translational regulation by upstream open reading frames. These results enhance our understanding of these widely studied fungi as well as provide new insight into eukaryotic genome evolution and gene regulation.
曲霉是一类多样化的丝状真菌，其进化历程跨越了超过2亿年。在此，我们报告了模式生物构巢曲霉的基因组序列，并与烟曲霉（一种严重的人类病原体）和米曲霉（用于清酒、味噌和酱油的生产）进行了比较研究。我们对基因组结构的分析为驱动长期真核生物基因组进化的力量提供了定量评估。这也导致了一个经过实验验证的交配型位点进化模型，表明烟曲霉和米曲霉具有有性繁殖的潜力。我们对序列保守性的分析揭示了在所有这三个物种中超过5000个活跃保守的非编码区域。在这些区域内，我们鉴定出了潜在的功能元件，包括一个以前未表征的TPP核糖开关以及表明丝状真菌中由Puf家族基因进行调控的基序。我们进一步获得了比较和实验证据，表明上游开放阅读框存在广泛的翻译调控。这些结果加深了我们对这些广泛研究的真菌的理解，同时也为真核生物基因组进化和基因调控提供了新的见解。
