Bergmann Ingrid E, Malirat Viviana, Falczuk Abraham J
Pan American Foot and Mouth Disease Center, (PANAFTOSA) PAHO/WHO, PO Box 589, CEP:20010-974, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Expert Rev Vaccines. 2005 Dec;4(6):903-13. doi: 10.1586/14760584.4.6.903.
Within the past decade, changes in perceptions on the benefits of vaccination as an appropriate tool to achieve complete foot and mouth disease eradication have become evident. The former negative view was derived from misconceptions, resulting mainly from the belief that vaccines are not entirely effective and that vaccination masks asymptomatic viral circulation. The advent in the 1990s of vaccination policies implemented within a strategic eradication plan in South America, and during recurrence of the disease in disease-free regions contributed towards generating more reliable and visible outcomes of vaccination programs, paving the way towards a new perception. Particularly relevant was the development and application of novel serodiagnostic approaches to assess silent viral circulation, irrespective of vaccination. The use in South America of vaccination allied to serosurveys to accompany viral clarification during eradication campaigns and after emergencies clearly established the importance of this control tool to stop the spread of viral infection. This alliance gave input to break many myths associated with the use of vaccines, including the belief that immunized carrier animals pose an epidemiologic risk. This experience launched new concepts that supported the internationally recognized status of foot and mouth disease-free regions with vaccination and the 'vaccination to live' policy as an alternative to 'stamping out'.
在过去十年中，人们对疫苗接种作为实现口蹄疫彻底根除的适当工具的益处的看法发生了明显变化。以前的负面观点源于误解，主要是因为人们认为疫苗并非完全有效，而且疫苗接种会掩盖无症状病毒传播。20世纪90年代，南美洲在战略根除计划中实施疫苗接种政策，以及在无病地区疾病复发期间实施该政策，有助于产生更可靠、更明显的疫苗接种计划成果，为新观念的形成铺平了道路。特别重要的是新型血清学诊断方法的开发和应用，这些方法用于评估无症状病毒传播，而不受疫苗接种的影响。在南美洲，疫苗接种与血清学调查相结合，在根除运动期间和紧急情况后协助病毒清除，这清楚地确立了这种控制工具对于阻止病毒感染传播的重要性。这种结合有助于打破许多与疫苗使用相关的神话，包括认为免疫的携带动物会构成流行病学风险的观念。这一经验催生了新的概念，支持了通过疫苗接种实现国际认可的无口蹄疫地区地位以及“接种疫苗以存活”政策作为“扑杀”替代方案的地位。
