Holzinger Andreas, Lütz Cornelius
Department of Physiology and Cell Physiology of Alpine Plants, Institute of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestrasse 15, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
Micron. 2006;37(3):190-207. doi: 10.1016/j.micron.2005.10.015. Epub 2005 Nov 28.
The effects of ultraviolet radiation in the biological relevant wavebands of UV-A (315-400 nm) and UV-B (280-315 nm) on algae have become an important issue as a man-made depletion of the protecting ozone layer has been reported. However, experimental designs to investigate this issue are manifold and the target organisms are extremely diverse. Data are included from the prokaryotic cyanobacteria, haptophytes, diatoms, brown algae to green algae (fresh water, snow algae and marine species) including different habitats from marine littoral and open ocean to freshwater ponds, lakes and snow fields. A broad overview on UV effects on algae is given, with a focus on structurally visible changes. Here we report on destruction in chloroplasts, mitochondria, and the occurrence of structures that are likely to be related to the UV stress. In addition several new data are presented from organisms that have to face naturally high UV irradiation due to their habitats. As no disturbances are reported in these organisms, they obviously have a set of protective mechanisms allowing survival in extreme habitats such as snow fields. Physiological changes as a consequence of UV irradiation are included, effects on the DNA level are summarized, and avoidance strategies are discussed. Every effort has been made to summarize the diverse observations and critically evaluate and compare the different experimental strategies to study UV effects in algae.
由于有报道称臭氧层出现人为损耗，紫外线-A（315 - 400纳米）和紫外线-B（280 - 315纳米）这两个生物相关波段的紫外线辐射对藻类的影响已成为一个重要问题。然而，用于研究该问题的实验设计多种多样，且目标生物极为多样。数据涵盖了原核蓝细菌、定鞭藻、硅藻、褐藻以及绿藻（淡水藻、雪藻和海洋物种），包括从海洋沿岸和开阔海洋到淡水池塘、湖泊及雪地等不同栖息地的藻类。本文对紫外线对藻类的影响进行了全面概述，重点关注结构上可见的变化。我们在此报告叶绿体和线粒体的破坏情况，以及可能与紫外线胁迫相关的结构的出现。此外，还展示了一些来自因其栖息地而自然面临高紫外线辐射的生物的新数据。由于未报道这些生物受到干扰，它们显然具有一套保护机制，使其能够在雪地等极端栖息地生存。文中涵盖了紫外线照射导致的生理变化，总结了对DNA水平的影响，并讨论了规避策略。我们已尽力总结各种观察结果，并严格评估和比较研究藻类紫外线影响的不同实验策略。
