Bourland Hicks Candace, Ohde Ralph N
Texas Tech University, Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, USA.
J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2005 Aug;48(4):960-74. doi: 10.1044/1092-4388(2005/066).
The purpose of the current study was to examine the role of syllable duration context as well as static and dynamic acoustic properties in child and adult speech perception. Ten adults and eleven 4-5-year-old children identified a syllable as [ba] or [wa] (stop-glide contrast) in 3 conditions differing in synthetic continua. The 1st condition tested the potential existence of the syllable duration effect in young children, whereas the 2nd and 3rd conditions examined the developmental role of static and dynamic cues, respectively, as related to syllable duration context effects. In the 1st condition, the 1st and 2nd formant transition duration of stimuli varied from those appropriate for [ba] to those appropriate for [wa]. For the 2nd condition, a static burst was added to Condition 1 stimuli. For the 3rd condition, the dynamic transition frequency and transition duration for the first 3 formants varied as appropriate for [ba] and [wa]. In each condition, 3 syllable context durations of 105 ms, 170 ms, and 315 ms were tested. The results indicated that syllable duration context effects were present across all conditions for both adults and children. However, the adults and children did differ in the 3rd condition, in which both the transition frequency and the transition duration were altered. Thus, children used the dynamic formant transitions differently than adults when transition frequency was varied along with transition duration. These findings show that children have a bias toward formant transitions and indicate that young children of 4-5 years of age attend differently than adults to changes in dynamic cues such as formant transitions, as predicted by the developmental cue weighting shift model.
本研究的目的是考察音节时长语境以及静态和动态声学特性在儿童和成人言语感知中的作用。10名成年人和11名4至5岁的儿童在3种合成连续体不同的条件下，将一个音节识别为[ba]或[wa]（塞音-滑音对比）。第一种条件测试幼儿中音节时长效应的潜在存在，而第二种和第三种条件分别考察与音节时长语境效应相关的静态和动态线索的发展作用。在第一种条件下，刺激的第一和第二共振峰过渡时长从适合[ba]的时长变化到适合[wa]的时长。对于第二种条件，在第一种条件的刺激上添加了一个静态爆破音。对于第三种条件，前三个共振峰的动态过渡频率和过渡时长根据[ba]和[wa]的情况进行适当变化。在每种条件下，测试了105毫秒、170毫秒和315毫秒的3种音节语境时长。结果表明，音节时长语境效应在成人和儿童的所有条件下均存在。然而，成人和儿童在第三种条件下存在差异，在该条件下过渡频率和过渡时长都发生了改变。因此，当过渡频率与过渡时长一起变化时，儿童使用动态共振峰过渡的方式与成人不同。这些发现表明儿童对共振峰过渡存在偏向，并表明4至5岁的幼儿与成人在关注动态线索（如共振峰过渡）的变化方面存在差异，这与发展线索权重转移模型的预测一致。
