移民拘留和临时保护对难民心理健康的影响。
Impact of immigration detention and temporary protection on the mental health of refugees.
作者信息
Steel Zachary, Silove Derrick, Brooks Robert, Momartin Shakeh, Alzuhairi Bushra, Susljik Ina
机构信息
Psychiatry Research and Teaching Unit, Level 4, Health Services Building, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia.
出版信息
Br J Psychiatry. 2006 Jan;188:58-64. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.104.007864.
BACKGROUND
Over the past decade, developed Western countries have supplied increasingly stringent measures to discourage those seeking asylum.
AIMS
To investigate the longer-term mental health effects of mandatory detention and subsequent temporary protection on refugees.
METHOD
Lists of names provided by community leaders were supplemented by snowball sampling to recruit 241 Arabic-speaking Mandaean refugees in Sydney (60% of the total adult Mandaean population). Interviews assessed post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), major depressive episodes, and indices of stress related to past trauma, detention and temporary protection.
RESULTS
A multilevel model which included age, gender, family clustering, pre-migration trauma and length of residency revealed that past immigration detention and ongoing temporary protection each contributed independently to risk of ongoing PTSD, depression and mental health-related disability. Longer detention was associated with more severe mental disturbance, an effect that persisted for an average of 3 years after release.
CONCLUSIONS
Policies of detention and temporary protection appear to be detrimental to the longer-term mental health of refugees.
背景
在过去十年中，西方发达国家采取了越来越严格的措施来劝阻那些寻求庇护者。
目的
调查强制拘留及随后的临时保护对难民长期心理健康的影响。
方法
通过社区领袖提供的名单，并辅以滚雪球抽样法，在悉尼招募了241名讲阿拉伯语的曼达派难民（占成年曼达派总人口的60%）。访谈评估了创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）、重度抑郁发作以及与过去创伤、拘留和临时保护相关的压力指标。
结果
一个包含年龄、性别、家庭聚类、移民前创伤和居住时长的多层次模型显示，过去的移民拘留和持续的临时保护各自独立地增加了持续患创伤后应激障碍、抑郁症和心理健康相关残疾的风险。拘留时间越长，精神障碍越严重，这种影响在获释后平均持续3年。
结论
拘留和临时保护政策似乎对难民的长期心理健康有害。
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