Van Wijngaarden R P A, Brock T C M, van den Brink P J, Gylstra R, Maund S J
Alterra, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O.Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2006 Feb;50(2):220-39. doi: 10.1007/s00244-004-0249-z. Epub 2006 Jan 2.
The aim of the study was to compare the effects of the pyrethroid insecticide lambda-cyhalothrin (treated at 10, 25, 50, 100, 250 ng active ingredient a.i./L) on a drainage ditch ecosystem in spring and late summer. Microcosms (water volume approximately 430 L) were established using enclosures in a 50-cm-deep experimental ditch system containing communities typical of macrophyte-dominated freshwater ecosystems. Effects on macroinvertebrates, zooplankton, phytoplankton, macrophytes, and community metabolism were assessed and evaluated using univariate and multivariate statistical techniques. The macroinvertebrate community responded most clearly to treatment and, as anticipated, insects and crustaceans were among the most sensitive organisms. Statistical analysis showed that the underlying community structure was significantly different between the spring and summer experiments. However, the most sensitive species (Chaoborus obscuripes and Gammarus pulex) were abundant in spring as well as in late summer. In spring and late summer, only slight and transient effects were observed at the community level in the 10-ng/L treatment. Overall, the study did not show substantial differences in the responses of sensitive taxa between spring and late summer treatments, and effects thresholds were similar irrespective of season of treatment.
本研究的目的是比较拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂高效氯氟氰菊酯（处理浓度为10、25、50、100、250纳克有效成分/升）在春季和夏末对排水沟生态系统的影响。在一个50厘米深的实验沟渠系统中，使用围栏建立了微型生态系统（水体体积约430升），该系统包含以大型植物为主的淡水生态系统的典型群落。使用单变量和多变量统计技术评估并评价了对大型无脊椎动物、浮游动物、浮游植物、大型植物和群落代谢的影响。大型无脊椎动物群落对处理的反应最为明显，正如预期的那样，昆虫和甲壳类动物是最敏感的生物之一。统计分析表明，春季和夏季实验的潜在群落结构存在显著差异。然而，最敏感的物种（暗黑摇蚊和蚤状钩虾）在春季和夏末都很丰富。在春季和夏末，在10纳克/升处理下，仅在群落水平观察到轻微和短暂的影响。总体而言，该研究未显示春季和夏末处理之间敏感类群的反应存在实质性差异，且影响阈值与处理季节无关，较为相似。
