MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2006 Jan 6;54(51):1301-5.
Continuing efforts are needed to improve surveillance for birth defects, which are the leading cause of infant mortality in the United States. Although state and local surveillance data indicate that approximately 3% of births are affected by any of 45 birth defects, no national estimates based on population-based birth defects surveillance have been available for specific types of birth defects other than neural tube defects (spina bifida and anencephaly). This report describes estimates of national prevalence and number of affected births in the United States each year during 1999-2001 for 18 selected major birth defects. The findings indicated that 10 of the 18 defects affected more than 1,000 infants each year in the United States. The conditions with the highest prevalence included orofacial clefts, which affect approximately 6,800 infants annually, and Down syndrome, which affects approximately 5,500 infants annually. Population-based national prevalence estimates of birth defects can help determine resource needs for basic and public health research and assist in planning for the health-care and educational needs of the U.S. population.
仍需持续努力加强对出生缺陷的监测，出生缺陷是美国婴儿死亡的主要原因。尽管州和地方的监测数据表明，约3%的出生婴儿受到45种出生缺陷中任何一种的影响，但除神经管缺陷（脊柱裂和无脑儿）外，尚无基于人群的出生缺陷监测得出的针对特定类型出生缺陷的全国性估计数据。本报告描述了1999 - 2001年期间美国每年18种选定主要出生缺陷的全国患病率估计值和受影响出生婴儿数量。研究结果表明，18种缺陷中有10种每年在美国影响超过1000名婴儿。患病率最高的病症包括每年影响约6800名婴儿的口腔面部裂和每年影响约5500名婴儿的唐氏综合征。基于人群的全国出生缺陷患病率估计有助于确定基础和公共卫生研究的资源需求，并协助规划美国人口的医疗保健和教育需求。
