Ares Susana, Quero José, Morreale de Escobar Gabriela
Neonatology Unit, University Hospital La Paz, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2005 Dec;18 Suppl 1:1257-64. doi: 10.1515/jpem.2005.18.s1.1257.
Iodine is a trace element which is essential for the synthesis of thyroid hormones. The thyroid hormones, thyroxine (T4) and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3), are necessary for adequate growth and development throughout fetal and extrauterine life. The iodine intake of newborns is entirely dependent on the iodine content of breast milk and the formula preparations used to feed them. An inadequate iodine supply might be especially dangerous in the case of premature babies. The minimum recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for different age groups has recently been revised. The iodine intake required is at least 15 microg/kg/day in full-term infants and 30 microg/kg/day in preterms. The iodine content of many evaluated preparations for feeding premature infants appears to be inadequate. Premature infants are now in a situation of iodine deficiency, precisely at a stage of psychomotor and neural development which is extremely sensitive to alterations of thyroid function.
碘是一种微量元素，对甲状腺激素的合成至关重要。甲状腺激素，即甲状腺素（T4）和3,5,3'-三碘甲状腺原氨酸（T3），对于胎儿期及出生后的充分生长发育是必需的。新生儿的碘摄入量完全取决于母乳以及用于喂养他们的配方奶制剂中的碘含量。碘供应不足在早产儿中可能尤其危险。不同年龄组的最低推荐膳食摄入量（RDA）最近已被修订。足月儿所需的碘摄入量至少为15微克/千克/天，早产儿为30微克/千克/天。许多经评估的早产儿喂养制剂中的碘含量似乎不足。早产儿目前处于碘缺乏状态，恰恰处于对甲状腺功能改变极其敏感的精神运动和神经发育阶段。
