Fong Siu-Ming, Ng Gabriel Y
Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China.
Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2006 Jan;87(1):82-7. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2005.09.017.
To compare the effects of short-term and long-term Tai Chi training on the sensorimotor and balance performance of able-bodied subjects.
A nonrandomized cross-sectional controlled trial.
Sport laboratory.
Forty-eight healthy subjects, 16 with 3 months of experience in Tai Chi training, 16 with 1 to 3 years of experience in Tai Chi training, and 16 with no experience in Tai Chi training.
Experimental.
The reflex contraction latencies (reaction time) of medial hamstrings and gastrocnemius after perturbation, the active knee joint angle-repositioning error, and the balance time on a tilt board were measured and analyzed with 1-way analysis of covariance. Significant results were further analyzed with post hoc linear contrasts.
Long-term Tai Chi practitioners had a significantly faster reflex reaction time in hamstrings (P<.000) and gastrocnemius (P=.043) muscles and a longer balance time on a tilt board (P<.000) than short-term Tai Chi practitioners and nonpractitioners. Both long- and short-term Tai Chi practitioners had significantly less knee joint angle-repositioning error than nonpractitioners (P=.001 and P=.027, respectively).
Tai Chi training of more than 1 year might have the benefits of faster hamstrings and gastrocnemius reflex reaction and improved knee joint position sense (JPS). These changes might be associated with an improved dynamic standing balance. Better knee JPS was shown in subjects with 3 months of Tai Chi practice, but this had not led to a significant improvement in balance.
比较短期和长期太极拳训练对身体健全者感觉运动和平衡能力的影响。
非随机横断面对照试验。
运动实验室。
48名健康受试者，16名有3个月太极拳训练经验，16名有1至3年太极拳训练经验，16名无太极拳训练经验。
实验性。
测量并采用单因素协方差分析对受扰动后腘绳肌内侧和腓肠肌的反射收缩潜伏期（反应时间）、主动膝关节角度重新定位误差以及在倾斜板上的平衡时间进行分析。对显著结果进一步采用事后线性对比分析。
长期练习太极拳者腘绳肌（P<0.000）和腓肠肌（P=0.043）的反射反应时间明显快于短期太极拳练习者和未练习者，在倾斜板上的平衡时间也更长（P<0.000）。长期和短期太极拳练习者的膝关节角度重新定位误差均显著低于未练习者（分别为P=0.001和P=0.027）。
超过1年的太极拳训练可能有益，可使腘绳肌和腓肠肌反射反应更快，膝关节位置觉（JPS）得到改善。这些变化可能与动态站立平衡的改善有关。练习3个月太极拳的受试者膝关节JPS有所改善，但这并未导致平衡能力显著提高。
