Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Physical Education, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 May 29;17(11):3859. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17113859.
This experiment examined changes in body sway after Wingate test (WAnT) in 19 adolescents practicing alpine skiing, subjected to the same type of training load for 4-5 years (10 girls and nine boys). The postural examinations were performed with eyes open (EO), eyes closed (EC), and sway reverenced vision (SRV) in the medial-lateral (ML) and anterior-posterior (AP) planes. The displacement of center of foot pressure (CoP), range of sway (RS), mean sway velocity (MV), way length, and surface area were measured in bipedal upright stance before and after the WAnT to assess the influence of fatigue on postural balance. There were no significant differences in WAnT parameters between girls and boys. Relative peak power (RPP), relative total work (RWtot) were (girls vs. boys) 8.89 ± 0.70 vs. 9.57 ± 1.22 W/kg, < 0.05 and 227.91 ± 14.98 vs. 243.22 ± 30.24 W/kg, < 0.05 respectively. The fatigue index (FI) was also on similar level in both genders; however, blood lactate concentration (BLa) was significantly higher in boys (10.35 ± 1.16 mM) than in girls (8.67 ± 1.35 mM) = 0.007. In the EO examination, statistically significant differences between resting and fatigue conditions in the whole group and after the division into girls and boys were found. In fatigue conditions, significant gender differences were noted for measurements in the ML plane (sway path and RS) and RS in the AP plane. Comparison of the three conditions shows differences between EO vs. EC and SRV in AP plane measured parameters, and for RS in ML plane in rest condition in girls. The strong correlations between FI and CoP parameters mainly in ML plane in the whole group for all examination conditions were noted. By genders, mainly RS in ML plane strongly correlates with FI (r > 0.7). No correlation was found between BLa and CoP parameters ( > 0.06). The presented results indicate that subjecting adolescents of both genders to the same training may reduce gender differences in the postural balance ability at rest but not in fatigue conditions and that girls are significantly superior in postural balance in the ML plane than boys. It was also shown that too little or too much information may be destructive to postural balance in young adolescents.
本实验观察了 19 名从事高山滑雪的青少年在经历了 4-5 年相同类型的训练负荷后的威格测试（WAnT）后身体摆动的变化，这些青少年都接受了相同类型的训练负荷。在睁眼（EO）、闭眼（EC）和参照视觉（SRV）条件下，对 10 名女孩和 9 名男孩进行了前后姿势检查。在 WAnT 前后，采用双足直立姿势测量了足心压力（CoP）中心位移、摆动幅度（RS）、平均摆动速度（MV）、步长和表面积，以评估疲劳对姿势平衡的影响。女孩和男孩的 WAnT 参数无显著性差异。相对峰值功率（RPP）和相对总功（RWtot）分别为（女孩与男孩）8.89 ± 0.70 与 9.57 ± 1.22 W/kg， < 0.05 和 227.91 ± 14.98 与 243.22 ± 30.24 W/kg， < 0.05。两种性别之间的疲劳指数（FI）也相似；然而，男孩的血乳酸浓度（BLa）明显高于女孩（10.35 ± 1.16 mM）， = 0.007。在 EO 检查中，在整个组和按女孩和男孩分组后，在休息和疲劳状态之间发现了统计学上的显著差异。在疲劳状态下，女孩和男孩在 ML 平面（摆动路径和 RS）和 AP 平面 RS 的测量值上存在显著的性别差异。比较三种状态发现，在 AP 平面上，EO 与 EC 和 SRV 的测量参数不同，在休息条件下，女孩的 ML 平面 RS 不同。整个组在所有检查条件下，FI 与 CoP 参数之间存在很强的相关性，主要是在 ML 平面。按性别，主要是 ML 平面的 RS 与 FI （r > 0.7）高度相关。BLa 与 CoP 参数之间没有相关性（ > 0.06）。研究结果表明，让两种性别的青少年接受相同的训练可能会降低休息时姿势平衡能力的性别差异，但在疲劳状态下不会降低，而且女孩在 ML 平面上的姿势平衡能力明显优于男孩。研究还表明，青少年的信息太少或太多可能会对其姿势平衡产生破坏作用。
