Marco John A M, Kishimba Michael A
Department of Chemistry, University of Dar es Salaam, Uvumbuzi Road, Mlimani Campus, P.O. Box 35061, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Chemosphere. 2006 Jul;64(4):542-8. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.11.016. Epub 2006 Jan 5.
Leaves of Eucalyptus sp., Prunus domestica (plum), and Anacardium occidentale (cashew), as well as roots and leaves of Manihot esculenta (cassava) were used to study the local distribution of pesticides and metabolites from a point source, an old storage site at Vikuge farm in Tanzania. The GPC-cleaned extracts were analyzed by GC-ECD and GC/MS. Eleven organochlorine pesticide residues namely pentachloroanisole, p,p'-DDT, o,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDE, o,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDD, o,p'-DDD, alpha-HCH, beta-HCH, delta-HCH and epsilon-HCH were detected in the samples. The concentrations of total DDT were 818 ng/g fw in Eucalyptus sp., 16 ng/g fw in A. occidentale and 4 ng/g fw in P. domestica. In M. esculenta, total DDT ranged from 191 to 586 ng/g fw in roots and 7 to 425 ng/g fw in leaves. The concentrations of total HCH were up to 15 ng/g fw in Eucalyptus sp., while the concentrations of pentachloroanisole were up to 2 ng/g fw in leaves of M. esculenta. There are very strong positive correlations in the concentrations of the detected compounds, suggesting that they have a common source. The low DDE/DDT ratios (0.02-0.07) in all samples indicate input of non-degraded DDT from the source. The high alpha-HCH/gamma-HCH ratios in some samples (>3.1-10) indicate input of technical HCH. The concentrations of total DDT in cassava roots were either very close to, or greater than, the FAO/WHO limit, indicating risks and concern to public health.
使用桉属植物、欧洲李（李子）、腰果的叶子以及木薯的根和叶，研究了来自坦桑尼亚维库格农场一个旧储存点的点源农药和代谢物的局部分布情况。经凝胶渗透色谱净化的提取物通过气相色谱 - 电子捕获检测器（GC - ECD）和气相色谱/质谱联用仪（GC/MS）进行分析。在样品中检测到了11种有机氯农药残留，即五氯茴香醚、p,p'-滴滴涕、o,p'-滴滴涕、p,p'-滴滴伊、o,p'-滴滴伊、p,p'-滴滴滴、o,p'-滴滴滴、α-六氯环己烷、β-六氯环己烷、δ-六氯环己烷和ε-六氯环己烷。桉属植物中总滴滴涕浓度为818纳克/克鲜重，腰果中为16纳克/克鲜重，欧洲李中为4纳克/克鲜重。在木薯中，根中总滴滴涕含量在191至586纳克/克鲜重之间，叶中在7至425纳克/克鲜重之间。桉属植物中总六氯环己烷浓度高达15纳克/克鲜重，而木薯叶中五氯茴香醚浓度高达2纳克/克鲜重。所检测化合物的浓度之间存在非常强的正相关，表明它们有共同来源。所有样品中低的滴滴伊/滴滴涕比率（0.02 - 0.07）表明有未降解的滴滴涕从源头输入。一些样品中高的α-六氯环己烷/γ-六氯环己烷比率（>3.1 - 10）表明有工业用六氯环己烷输入。木薯根中总滴滴涕浓度要么非常接近，要么高于粮农组织/世界卫生组织的限值，表明对公众健康存在风险并令人担忧。
