Workplace incivility: state of the science.

The financial cost of workplace violence is 4.2 billion dollars a year. Workplace incivility may initiate a spiral that for 1,000 people a year ends in death at work. If an initial minor incident such as incivility could be mitigated, then the financial and human capital that could be realized by the healthcare organization is immense. This article is an in-depth look at the literature and theoretical frameworks related to workplace incivility.