Rotureau Brice
Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie et Mycologie Médicale, Unité de Formation et de Recherche de Médecine de l'Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana.
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2006 Jan;74(1):81-96.
In the Guianan ecoregion complex, at least seven Leishmania species belonging to both the L. (Leishmania) Saf' janova, 1982 and L. (Viannia) Lainson and Shaw, 1987 sub-genera are causative agents of American visceral leishmaniasis, mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, and cutaneous leishmaniases, including localized and diffuse forms. They are mostly sylvatic species subjugated to their own specific Lutzomyia sand fly vectors and to particular wild mammalian reservoir hosts of the dense rain forest. Originally implicated strictly in wild zoonoses and developing in forested ecotopes, Leishmania show a particular adaptive plasticity to face environmental modifications following deforestation and anthropization. This review presents the different pathogenic complexes of these parasites, emphasizes their implication in human diseases, and considers the influence of humans on their ecology.
在圭亚那生态区域综合体中，至少有七种利什曼原虫物种，它们分属于1982年的萨夫贾诺娃利什曼原虫亚属（Leishmania (Leishmania) Saf'janova）和1987年的莱恩森与肖维安尼亚利什曼原虫亚属（Leishmania (Viannia) Lainson and Shaw），是美洲内脏利什曼病、黏膜皮肤利什曼病和皮肤利什曼病（包括局限性和弥漫性形式）的病原体。它们大多是野生种类，受限于各自特定的罗蛉属沙蝇媒介以及茂密雨林中的特定野生哺乳动物储存宿主。利什曼原虫最初严格涉及野生动物共患病且在森林生态环境中发展，面对森林砍伐和人类活动导致的环境变化，它们展现出了特殊的适应性可塑性。本综述介绍了这些寄生虫的不同致病复合体，强调了它们在人类疾病中的作用，并探讨了人类对其生态的影响。
