Goodarzi Mashallah, Matar Marla M, Shafa Mark, Townsend Janice E, Gonzalez Isaac
Department of Pediatric Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA.
Paediatr Anaesth. 2006 Jan;16(1):49-53. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9592.2005.01693.x.
Nausea and vomiting is a common postoperative complication that often necessitates the use of antiemetic agents.
In a prospective, randomized, double blind trial, the effect of perioperative fluid administration on postoperative adverse outcomes following anesthesia was studied. One hundred children undergoing strabismus repair were randomly assigned to receive 10 ml x kg(-1) x h(-1) (control group) or 30 ml x kg(-1) x h(-1) (superhydration group) of lactated Ringer's solution during the operation. During the first 24 h postoperatively, nausea and vomiting, thirst, pain, and fever were evaluated.
Groups were similar with respect to demographic data, surgical procedures and baseline hemodynamic variables. In the first 24 h postoperatively, nausea and vomiting occurred in 27 patients (54%) of the control group and 11 (22%) of patients in the superhydration group (P = 0.001). Comparison of the superhydration group with the control group also showed a statistically significant benefit of superhydration on postoperative thirst (P = 0.0002) and fever (P = 0.02). The differences in nausea and vomiting, thirst, and fever remained significant after adjustment for age, gender, weight, and duration of surgery. There was no significant difference between the two groups in postoperative pain.
Intravenous superhydration administration is an inexpensive and safe therapy for reducing postoperative nausea and vomiting and discomfort.
恶心和呕吐是常见的术后并发症，常需使用止吐药。
在一项前瞻性、随机、双盲试验中，研究了围手术期液体输注对麻醉后术后不良结局的影响。100例接受斜视修复术的儿童在手术期间被随机分配接受10 ml·kg⁻¹·h⁻¹（对照组）或30 ml·kg⁻¹·h⁻¹（超水化组）的乳酸林格氏液。在术后的前24小时内，对恶心和呕吐、口渴、疼痛及发热情况进行评估。
两组在人口统计学数据、手术操作及基线血流动力学变量方面相似。术后24小时内，对照组27例患者（54%）出现恶心和呕吐，超水化组11例患者（22%）出现恶心和呕吐（P = 0.001）。超水化组与对照组比较还显示，超水化对术后口渴（P = 0.0002）和发热（P = 0.02）有统计学意义的益处。在对年龄、性别、体重及手术时长进行校正后，恶心和呕吐、口渴及发热方面的差异仍有显著性。两组术后疼痛无显著差异。
静脉超水化给药是一种降低术后恶心、呕吐及不适的廉价且安全的治疗方法。
