A combination of upstream and proximal elements is required for efficient expression of the mouse renin promoter in cultured cells.

Renin, a key enzyme controlling blood pressure, is produced mainly in the kidney. To identify the transcriptional regulatory elements of the mouse Ren-1c gene, the promoter regions were fused to the CAT reporter gene and transfected into embryonic kidney-derived 293 cells and four extrarenal cell lines, HeLa, HepG2, HT1080 and NIH3T3 cells. Transient transfection assay showed that sequences from -365 to +16 of the renin gene could direct transcription of the CAT hybrid gene only in 293 cells. Deletion analysis identified two transcriptionally active regions; the renin upstream-promoter element (RU-1 element; position -224 to -138) and the renin proximal-promoter element (RP-2 element; position -75 to -47). Although the RU-1 element functioned as an activator, depending on its orientation, it failed to trans-activate the renin promoter when the RP-2 element was deleted. By contrast, the proximal element alone exhibited a weak trans-activator property. Gel shift assay identified RU-1 element-binding factors in both 293 and HeLa cells, whereas 293 cell-dominant factors were shown to bind only to RP-2 element. Therefore, both RU-1 and RP-2 elements were found to be necessary for efficient CAT expression from the renin promoter in 293 cells, suggesting that activation of the Ren-1c promoter requires combined action between cell type-dominant and ubiquitous nuclear factors.