Stress measurements on beak-trimmed and untrimmed pullets.

Stress in poultry is difficult to define and measure. There is general agreement that some modern poultry production practices may exert a certain amount of stress on birds. Three experiments were conducted to explore possible measures of stress associated with beak trimming and rearing schemes. Experiments 1 and 2 examined different degrees of beak trimming and rearing schemes of wire floor versus litter floor in pullet production. Experiment 3 examined the effect of beak trimming on feed consumption for 14 days after trimming. Adrenal glands of untrimmed birds were heavier (P less than .05) than those of trimmed birds at the end of the pullet growing period in Experiments 1 and 2, evidence that beak trimming reduced overall chronic stress levels. Hearts of untrimmed birds were heavier (P less than .05) than those of trimmed birds in Experiment 1. Hearts and spleens were not affected in Experiment 2. In comparisons of rearing schemes (litter versus wire), birds grown on litter floors had heavier adrenal glands and a greater incidence of cannibalism in the later weeks of Experiments 1 and 2. This indicated that a stressful interaction among penmates had occurred. Birds grown on litter floors consumed more feed than those grown on wire, and the untrimmed birds from both floor types consumed more total feed than trimmed birds. By the end of the growing period, body weights were not different in either study, indicating compensation for any early beak trimming stress. Beak trimming produced a decrease in feed intake in Experiment 3, consumption was reduced (P less than .05) in 5 of the first 8 days after trimming.