Neuronal migration disorders.

Improvement in imaging techniques has provided new classifications of neuronal migration disorders and their diagnosis in the developing or adult brain. Control of neuronal migration involves different cell populations, including Cajal-Retzius neurons, subplate neurons, neuronal precursors, or radial glia. The integrity of multiple molecular mechanisms, such as cell-cycle control, cell-cell adhesion, interaction with extracellular matrix protein, neurotransmitter release, growth factor availability, platelet-activating factor degradation, peroxisomal metabolism, or transduction pathways, seems to be critical for normal neuronal migration. The present review focuses on animal models of neuronal migration disorders.