Adaptation of Plasmodium vivax to growth in owl monkeys (Aotus nancymai).

The purpose of this study was reactivation and adaptation of a strain of Plasmodium vivax to Aotus nancymai monkeys. A need arose for malarial parasites for use in serologic and molecular studies and for teaching slides. This particular strain of parasite had been characterized previously as producing high-density parasitemia in splenectomized New World monkeys and therefore represented a good candidate for reactivation. P. vivax (Vietnam II), isolated in 1970, was reactivated after adaptation in Aotus lemurinus griseimembra monkeys nearly 33 years earlier and adapted to A. nancymai monkeys. Passage was achieved by intravenous inoculation of parasite blood stages into splenectomized A. nancymai monkeys. Parasitemia was determined by analyzing daily blood smears stained with Giemsa. Maximum parasite counts ranged from 10,630 to 94,000 parasites/microl; the mean maximum parasite count for the four animals was 39,565 parasites/microl. Parasite counts of > 10,000/microl were maintained for 2 to 64 days. After only three passages of the parasite, attempts to reactive were successful. A. nancymai proved a suitable animal model for the recovery of this parasite. In conclusion, successful reactivation and adaptation of this parasite offers the capability to perform a series of diagnostic, immunologic, and molecular studies as well as to provide otherwise potentially unavailable teaching materials to healthcare professionals.