Payne Jessica D, Jackson Eric D, Ryan Lee, Hoscheidt Siobhan, Jacobs Jake W, Nadel Lynn
University of Arizona, Tucson 85721, USA.
Memory. 2006 Jan;14(1):1-16. doi: 10.1080/09658210500139176.
The present experiment demonstrates that exposure to a significant psychological stressor (administered before watching a slide show) preserves or even enhances memory for emotional aspects of an event, and simultaneously disrupts memory for non-emotional aspects of the same event. Stress exposure also disrupted memory for information that was visually and thematically central to the event depicted in the slide show. Memory for peripheral information, on the other hand, was unaffected by stress. These results are consistent with theories invoking differential effects of stress on brain systems responsible for encoding and retrieving emotional memories (the amygdala) and non-emotional memories (e.g., the hippocampal formation), and inconsistent with the view that memories formed under high levels of stress are qualitatively the same as those formed under ordinary emotional circumstances. These data, which are also consistent with results obtained in a number of studies using animals and humans, have implications for the traumatic memory debate and theories regarding human memory.
本实验表明，暴露于显著的心理应激源（在观看幻灯片之前施加）能够保留甚至增强对事件情感方面的记忆，同时破坏对同一事件非情感方面的记忆。应激暴露还扰乱了对幻灯片中所描绘事件在视觉和主题上核心信息的记忆。另一方面，对周边信息的记忆不受应激影响。这些结果与下述理论一致，即应激对负责编码和检索情感记忆（杏仁核）和非情感记忆（如海马结构）的脑系统具有不同影响，并且与高水平应激下形成的记忆在性质上与普通情感环境下形成的记忆相同这一观点不一致。这些数据也与许多使用动物和人类的研究结果一致，对创伤性记忆辩论及有关人类记忆的理论具有启示意义。
