Gilbert Jennifer K, Clausen John C
Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Delaware, 152 Townsend Hall, 531 South College Avenue, Newark, DE 19716-2170, USA.
Water Res. 2006 Feb;40(4):826-32. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2005.12.006. Epub 2006 Jan 20.
This study compared the quality and quantity of stormwater runoff from replicated asphalt, permeable paver, and crushed-stone driveways. Rainfall was measured on-site and runoff was recorded using tipping buckets. Flow-weighted composite runoff samples were analyzed weekly for total suspended solids, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, nitrate-nitrogen, ammonia-nitrogen, total phosphorus (TP), zinc, lead, and copper. Infiltration rate was determined on each driveway annually. Repeated measures analysis of variance indicated that stormwater runoff was significantly different among each driveway type; the order of decreasing runoff was asphalt> paver> stone. Average infiltration rates were 0, 11.2 and 9.0 cm/h for asphalt, paver, and crushed stone driveways, respectively. Both paver and crushed stone driveways reduced stormwater runoff as compared to asphalt driveways. Runoff from paver driveways contained significantly lower concentrations of all pollutants measured than runoff from asphalt driveways. However, runoff from crushed stone driveways was similar in concentrations to runoff from asphalt driveways, except for TP concentrations, which were lower in runoff from crushed stone driveways than runoff from asphalt driveways. The mass export of measured pollutants followed the relative differences in stormwater runoff, rather than differences in concentrations.
本研究比较了复制的沥青、透水砖和碎石车道的雨水径流水质和水量。现场测量降雨量，并使用翻斗式雨量计记录径流。每周对流量加权综合径流样本进行分析，检测总悬浮固体、凯氏氮总量、硝酸盐氮、氨氮、总磷（TP）、锌、铅和铜。每年测定每个车道的渗透率。重复测量方差分析表明，不同车道类型的雨水径流存在显著差异；径流减少的顺序为沥青车道>透水砖车道>碎石车道。沥青、透水砖和碎石车道的平均渗透率分别为0、11.2和9.0厘米/小时。与沥青车道相比，透水砖车道和碎石车道都减少了雨水径流。透水砖车道径流中所有测量污染物的浓度均显著低于沥青车道径流。然而，碎石车道径流的浓度与沥青车道径流相似，但总磷浓度除外，碎石车道径流中的总磷浓度低于沥青车道径流。所测污染物的质量输出遵循雨水径流的相对差异，而非浓度差异。
