Bekel Gerd, Panfil Eva-Maria, Scupin Olaf
Institut für Pflegediagnostik und Praxisforschung, Cloppenburg.
Z Arztl Fortbild Qualitatssich. 2005;99(10):623-7.
The future development of the German health care system needs to recognize patient views of medical treatment in order to foster their health care responsibility. In nursing sciences, practice and clinical research are based on the concepts of self-help and self-care. The principle of Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory (S-CDNT), developed by the American nursing scientist D.E. Orem, defines self-care as a trainable and deliberate practice. The theory describes, among other factors, general and situation-specific needs of self-care and dependence care, forms of self-care com petence, and self-care deficit. Clinical studies have focused on self-care activities and deficits of particular patient groups, testing the effectiveness of care interventions. In view of the changes in the German health system (e.g., diagnosis-related groups, reduction of hospitalization periods), the S-CDNT is relevant not only for the treatment of individual patients, but also for the management of care provision. The fostering of self-care and dependence-care competence is an important tool to increase the autonomy of affected patients and their families, as well as to reduce the costs of health care.
德国医疗保健系统的未来发展需要认识到患者对医疗治疗的看法，以培养他们的医疗保健责任感。在护理科学中，实践和临床研究基于自助和自我护理的概念。美国护理科学家D.E.奥瑞姆提出的自我护理缺陷护理理论（S-CDNT）原则将自我护理定义为一种可训练的、有意识的实践。该理论除其他因素外，还描述了自我护理和依赖护理的一般及特定情况需求、自我护理能力的形式以及自我护理缺陷。临床研究集中于特定患者群体的自我护理活动和缺陷，测试护理干预措施的有效性。鉴于德国医疗系统的变化（如诊断相关分组、住院时间缩短），S-CDNT不仅与个体患者的治疗相关，还与护理服务的管理相关。培养自我护理和依赖护理能力是提高受影响患者及其家庭自主性以及降低医疗保健成本的重要工具。
