遮蔽与退化的条件作用治疗之间的对抗：对扩展比较器假说的支持。
Counteraction between overshadowing and degraded contingency treatments: support for the extended comparator hypothesis.
作者信息
Urcelay Gonzalo P, Miller Ralph R
机构信息
Department of Psychology, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA.
出版信息
J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process. 2006 Jan;32(1):21-32. doi: 10.1037/0097-7403.32.1.21.
Four experiments using rats in a Pavlovian lick-suppression preparation investigated the effects of combining 2 treatments known for their response-decrementing effects, namely, overshadowing and degraded contingency. Contrary to most contemporary learning theories, the extended comparator hypothesis predicts that these 2 treatments will counteract each other, and therefore, less of a decrement in conditioned responding should be observed than with either treatment alone. Experiments 1 and 2 confirmed this prediction in first-order conditioning and sensory preconditioning preparations, respectively. Experiment 3 demonstrated that posttraining extinction of the training context resulted in a recovery from degraded contingency and reversed the counteractive effect on overshadowing. Finally, Experiment 4 demonstrated that posttraining extinction of the overshadowing stimulus resulted in recovery from simple overshadowing and also reversed the counteractive effect on degraded contingency. These results are consistent with the extended comparator hypothesis but not traditional or recent acquisition-focused models.
四项使用大鼠进行的巴甫洛夫舔舐抑制实验，研究了将两种以反应递减效应著称的处理方法（即遮蔽效应和弱化条件作用）相结合的效果。与大多数当代学习理论相反，扩展比较器假说预测这两种处理方法会相互抵消，因此，与单独使用任何一种处理方法相比，条件反应的递减应该会更少。实验1和实验2分别在一阶条件作用和感觉预条件作用实验中证实了这一预测。实验3表明，训练后对训练情境进行消退会导致从弱化条件作用中恢复，并逆转对遮蔽效应的抵消作用。最后，实验4表明，训练后对遮蔽刺激进行消退会导致从简单遮蔽效应中恢复，也会逆转对弱化条件作用的抵消作用。这些结果与扩展比较器假说一致，但与传统的或最近以习得为重点的模型不一致。
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