Witnauer James E, Miller Ralph R
Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA.
J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process. 2007 Oct;33(4):440-50. doi: 10.1037/0097-7403.33.4.440.
In a Pavlovian conditioning situation, unsignaled outcome presentations interspersed among cue-outcome pairings attenuate conditioned responding to the cue (i.e., the degraded contingency effect). However, if a nontarget cue signals these added outcomes, responding to the target cue is partially restored (i.e., the cover stimulus effect). In 2 conditioned suppression experiments using rats, the effect of posttraining extinction of the cover stimulus was examined. Experiment 1 found that this treatment yielded reduced responding to the target cue. Experiment 2 replicated this finding, while demonstrating that this basic effect was not due to acquired equivalence between the target cue and the cover stimulus. These results are consistent with the extended comparator hypothesis interpretation of the degraded contingency and cover stimulus effects.
在巴甫洛夫条件作用情境中,穿插在线索-结果配对之间的无信号结果呈现会减弱对线索的条件反应(即,消退的 contingency 效应)。然而,如果一个非目标线索预示着这些额外的结果,对目标线索的反应会部分恢复(即,覆盖刺激效应)。在两项使用大鼠的条件性抑制实验中,研究了训练后覆盖刺激消退的效果。实验1发现,这种处理使对目标线索的反应减少。实验2重复了这一发现,同时表明这一基本效应并非由于目标线索与覆盖刺激之间获得了等效性。这些结果与对消退的 contingency 效应和覆盖刺激效应的扩展比较器假设解释一致。