Baskin William N
University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, 401 Roxbury Road, Rockford, IL 61107-5078, USA.
Nutr Clin Pract. 2006 Feb;21(1):40-55. doi: 10.1177/011542650602100140.
Several types of feeding tubes can be placed at a patient's bedside; examples include nasogastric, nasointestinal, gastrostomy, and jejunostomy tubes. Nasoenteral tubes can be placed blindly at bedside or with the assistance of placement devices. Nasoenteric tubes can also be placed via fluoroscopy and endoscopy. Gastrostomy and jejunostomy tubes can be placed using endoscopic techniques. This paper will describe the indications and contraindications for different types of tubes that can be placed at the bedside and complications associated with tube placement. Complications associated with nasoenteral tubes include inadvertent malpositioning of the tube, epistaxis, sinusitis, inadvertent tube removal, tube clogging, tube-feeding-associated diarrhea, and aspiration pneumonia. Complications from percutaneous gastrostomy and jejunostomy tube placements include procedure-related mishaps, site infection, leakage, buried bumper syndrome, tube malfunction, and inadvertent removal. These complications will be reviewed, along with a discussion of incidence, cause, treatment, and prevention approaches.
几种类型的饲管可在患者床边放置；例如包括鼻胃管、鼻肠管、胃造口管和空肠造口管。鼻肠管可在床边盲目放置或借助放置装置放置。鼻肠管也可通过荧光镜检查和内镜检查放置。胃造口管和空肠造口管可使用内镜技术放置。本文将描述可在床边放置的不同类型饲管的适应证和禁忌证以及与置管相关的并发症。与鼻肠管相关的并发症包括饲管意外错位、鼻出血、鼻窦炎、饲管意外拔除、饲管堵塞、管饲相关腹泻和吸入性肺炎。经皮胃造口术和空肠造口术置管的并发症包括与操作相关的失误、部位感染、渗漏、埋藏式固定片综合征、饲管故障和意外拔除。将对这些并发症进行综述，并讨论其发生率、原因、治疗和预防方法。
