Bossart Katharine N, Broder Christopher C
Australian Animal Health Laboratory, CSIRO Livestock Industries, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia.
Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2006 Feb;4(1):43-55. doi: 10.1586/14787210.4.1.43.
Hendra and Nipah virus are closely related emerging viruses comprising the Henipavirus genus of the subfamily Paramyxovirinae and are distinguished by their ability to cause fatal disease in both animal and human hosts. In particular, the high mortality and person-to-person transmission associated with the most recent Nipah virus outbreaks, as well as the very recent re-emergence of Hendra virus, has confirmed the importance and necessity of developing effective therapeutic interventions. Much research conducted on the henipaviruses over the past several years has focused on virus entry, including the attachment of virus to the host cell, the identification of the virus receptor and the membrane fusion process between the viral and host cell membranes. These findings have led to the development of possible vaccine candidates, as well as potential antiviral therapeutics. The common link among all of the possible antiviral agents discussed here, which have also been developed and tested, is that they target very early stages of the infection process. The establishment and validation of suitable animal models of Henipavirus infection and pathogenesis are also discussed as they will be crucial in the assessment of the effectiveness of any treatments for Hendra and Nipah virus infection.
亨德拉病毒和尼帕病毒是密切相关的新兴病毒，属于副粘病毒亚科的亨尼帕病毒属，其特点是能够在动物和人类宿主中引发致命疾病。特别是，与最近的尼帕病毒疫情相关的高死亡率和人际传播，以及亨德拉病毒最近的再次出现，都证实了开发有效治疗干预措施的重要性和必要性。在过去几年中，对亨尼帕病毒进行的许多研究都集中在病毒进入过程，包括病毒与宿主细胞的附着、病毒受体的鉴定以及病毒与宿主细胞膜之间的膜融合过程。这些发现促成了可能的候选疫苗以及潜在抗病毒疗法的开发。这里讨论的所有已开发并经过测试的可能抗病毒药物的共同之处在于，它们针对感染过程的非常早期阶段。还讨论了亨尼帕病毒感染和发病机制合适动物模型的建立和验证，因为它们对于评估任何治疗亨德拉病毒和尼帕病毒感染方法的有效性至关重要。
