Eaton Bryan T, Broder Christopher C, Wang Lin-Fa
Australian Animal Health Laboratory, CSIRO, 5 Portarlington Road, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia.
Curr Mol Med. 2005 Dec;5(8):805-16. doi: 10.2174/156652405774962308.
Within the past decade a number of new zoonotic paramyxoviruses emerged from flying foxes to cause serious disease outbreaks in man and livestock. Hendra virus was the cause of fatal infections of horses and man in Australia in 1994, 1999 and 2004. Nipah virus caused encephalitis in humans both in Malaysia in 1998/99, following silent spread of the virus in the pig population, and in Bangladesh from 2001 to 2004 probably as a result of direct bat to human transmission and spread within the human population. Hendra and Nipah viruses are highly pathogenic in humans with case fatality rates of 40% to 70%. Their genetic constitution, virulence and wide host range make them unique paramyxoviruses and they have been given Biosecurity Level 4 status in a new genus Henipavirus within the family Paramyxoviridae. Recent studies on the virulence, host range and cell tropisms of henipaviruses provide insights into the unique biological properties of these emerging human pathogens and suggest approaches for vaccine development and therapeutic countermeasures.
在过去十年中，一些新的人畜共患副粘病毒从狐蝠传播出来，导致人类和牲畜发生严重疾病暴发。亨德拉病毒是1994年、1999年和2004年澳大利亚马匹和人类致命感染的病因。1998/1999年，尼帕病毒在马来西亚导致人类脑炎，此前该病毒在猪群中悄然传播；2001年至2004年，尼帕病毒在孟加拉国导致人类脑炎，可能是由于蝙蝠直接传播给人类并在人群中传播。亨德拉病毒和尼帕病毒对人类具有高度致病性，病死率为40%至70%。它们的基因构成、毒力和广泛的宿主范围使其成为独特的副粘病毒，它们在副粘病毒科的一个新属——亨尼帕病毒属中被列为生物安全4级。最近对亨尼帕病毒的毒力、宿主范围和细胞嗜性的研究，为这些新出现的人类病原体的独特生物学特性提供了见解，并提出了疫苗开发和治疗对策的方法。
