Mergner T, Rottler G, Kimmig H, Becker W
Neurologische Universitätsklinik, Freiburg, Federal Republic of Germany.
Exp Brain Res. 1992;89(3):655-68. doi: 10.1007/BF00229890.
The contribution of vestibular and neck inputs to the perception of visual object motion in space was studied in the absence of a visual background (in the dark) in normal human subjects (Ss). Measures of these contributions were obtained by means of a closed loop nulling procedure; Ss fixed their eyes on a luminous spot (object) and nulled its actual or apparent motion in space during head rotation in space (vestibular stimulus) and/or trunk rotation relative to the head (neck stimulus) with the help of a joystick. Vestibular and neck contributions were expressed in terms of gain and phase with respect to the visuo-oculomotor/joystick feedback loop which was assumed to have almost ideal transfer characteristics. The stimuli were applied as sinusoidal rotations in the horizontal plane (f = 0.025-0.8 Hz; peak angular displacements, 1-16 degrees).
(1) During vestibular stimulation, Ss perceived the object, when kept in fixed alignment with the moving body, as moving in space. However, they underestimated the object motion; the gain was only about 0.7 at 0.2-0.8 Hz and clearly decreased at lower stimulus frequencies, while the phase exhibited a small lead. (2) During pure neck stimulation (trunk rotating relative to the stationary head), the object, when stationary, appeared to move in space counter to the trunk excursion. This neck-contingent object motion illusion was small at 0.2-0.8 Hz, but increased considerably with decreasing frequency, while its phase developed a small lag. (3) Vestibular, neck, and visuo-oculomotor effects summed linearly during combined stimulations. (4) The erroneous vestibular and neck contributions to the object motion perception were complementary to each other, and the perception became about veridical (G approximately 1, phi approximately 0 degree), when both inputs were combined during head rotation with the trunk stationary. The results are simulated by an extended version of a computer model that previously had been developed to describe vestibular and neck effects on human perception of head motion in space. In the model, the perception of object motion in space is derived from the superposition of three signals, representing "object to head" (visuo-oculomotor; head coordinates), "head on trunk" (neck; trunk coordinates), and "trunk in space" (vestibular-neck interaction; space coordinates).
在没有视觉背景（黑暗环境）的情况下，对正常人类受试者研究了前庭和颈部输入对空间中视觉物体运动感知的贡献。这些贡献的测量通过闭环归零程序获得；受试者将眼睛固定在一个发光点（物体）上，并在空间中头部旋转（前庭刺激）和/或躯干相对于头部旋转（颈部刺激）期间，借助操纵杆消除其在空间中的实际或表观运动。前庭和颈部的贡献以相对于视觉动眼/操纵杆反馈回路的增益和相位来表示，该反馈回路被假定具有几乎理想的传递特性。刺激以水平面上的正弦旋转形式施加（频率f = 0.025 - 0.8赫兹；峰值角位移为1 - 16度）。
（1）在前庭刺激期间，当物体与运动的身体保持固定对齐时，受试者感觉物体在空间中移动。然而，他们低估了物体的运动；在0.2 - 0.8赫兹时增益仅约为0.7，并且在较低刺激频率下明显下降，而相位呈现出小的超前。（2）在单纯颈部刺激（躯干相对于静止头部旋转）期间，当物体静止时，它似乎在空间中朝着与躯干偏移相反的方向移动。这种与颈部相关的物体运动错觉在0.2 - 0.8赫兹时较小，但随着频率降低而显著增加，同时其相位产生小的滞后。（3）在前庭、颈部和视觉动眼效应在联合刺激期间呈线性相加。（4）前庭和颈部对物体运动感知的错误贡献相互补充，并且当头部旋转且躯干静止时将两种输入组合起来时，感知变得近似真实（增益G约为1，相位φ约为0度）。这些结果由一个计算机模型的扩展版本模拟得出，该模型先前已被开发用于描述前庭和颈部对人类空间中头部运动感知的影响。在该模型中，空间中物体运动的感知源自三个信号的叠加，分别代表“物体相对于头部”（视觉动眼；头部坐标）、“头部相对于躯干”（颈部；躯干坐标）和“躯干在空间中”（前庭 - 颈部相互作用；空间坐标）。
