Woolfson L, Grant E
Department of Psychology, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK.
Child Care Health Dev. 2006 Mar;32(2):177-84. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2214.2006.00603.x.
Rearing a child with a developmental disability is associated with increased parental stress. Theories of stress and adjustment and bi-directional theories of child development suggest that parenting could influence these negative outcomes.
Relationships between parenting approaches and stress in parents of children with developmental disabilities (DD) (N = 53) were examined across two age groups, 3-5 years and 9-11 years and compared with a contrast group of typically developing children (TD) (N = 60). Measures used were the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form and Rickel and Biasatti's modification of Block's Child Rearing Practices Report, classified into Baumrind's parenting styles using Reitman and Gross's method.
Parents in the older DD group used Authoritative parenting less than parents in the younger DD group, while the opposite developmental pattern was seen in the TD group. Multivariate analysis of variance showed a significant group x parenting style interaction for Parental Distress, Parent-Child Dysfunctional Interaction and Difficult Child. Stress measures were higher for the DD group and seemed to be associated with Authoritative parenting approaches, an effect that was not observed in the TD group.
Findings suggest that the well-established effect of group on stress may be moderated by parenting style. Authoritative parenting may be highly stressful for parents of children with DD to implement, resulting in a decrease in its use across the two age groups.
抚养一名发育障碍儿童会增加父母的压力。压力与适应理论以及儿童发展的双向理论表明，养育方式可能会影响这些负面结果。
对53名发育障碍（DD）儿童的父母在两个年龄组（3至5岁和9至11岁）中的养育方式与压力之间的关系进行了研究，并与60名发育正常儿童（TD）的对照组进行了比较。所使用的测量工具包括《养育压力指数简表》以及里克尔和比亚萨蒂对布洛克的《育儿实践报告》的修订版，采用雷特曼和格罗斯的方法将其分类为鲍姆林德的养育方式。
年龄较大的发育障碍组的父母比年龄较小的发育障碍组的父母更少采用权威型养育方式，而在发育正常组中则观察到相反的发展模式。多变量方差分析显示，在父母苦恼、亲子功能失调互动和难养儿童方面，组与养育方式之间存在显著的交互作用。发育障碍组的压力测量值更高，并且似乎与权威型养育方式有关，而在发育正常组中未观察到这种效应。
研究结果表明，已确定的组对压力的影响可能会受到养育方式的调节。对于发育障碍儿童的父母来说，实施权威型养育方式可能压力极大，导致在两个年龄组中其使用频率降低。
