Chien Ling-Chu, Han Bor-Cheng, Hsu Chun-Sen, Jiang Cheun-Bin, You Hung-Jiun, Shieh Ming-Jer, Yeh Ching-Ying
School of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan, ROC.
Chemosphere. 2006 Jun;64(1):79-85. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.11.059. Epub 2006 Jan 25.
The aim of this study was to assess the total concentration and health risk to infants of breast milk mercury in urban mothers and mothers married to fishermen in relation to fish intake in Taiwan. A total of sixty-eight healthy mothers were recruited for the study. The breast milk mercury geometric mean concentration was 2.02 microgl(-1) (n=56, range: 0.24-9.45 microgl(-1)) for the city group and 2.04 microgl(-1) (n=12, range: 0.26-8.62 microgl(-1)) for the fishermen's group. Of the three sources of mercury exposure (i.e., ingestion (breast milk), inhalation (ambient air), and dermal exposure (shower)), breast-feeding was found to be the largest (96.3-99.6% of the total). From a Monte Carlo simulation, in which methyl mercury accounted for about 50% of total mercury, the hazard quotient (exposure estimate/oral minimal risk level or target organ toxicity dose) exceeded 1.0 for 12.9% of urban babies and 18.8% of fishermen's babies (chronic oral minimal risk level and target organ toxicity dose: 3 x 10(-4)mgkg(-1)d(-1)). The calculated mercury exposure was 3.02 x 10(-1) microgkg(-1)d(-1) for a 3.49 kg urban baby boy and 3.06 x 10(-1) microgkg(-1)d(-1) for a 3.44 kg urban baby girl. These results suggest the life style of mothers (eating raw fish and shellfish such as used in "Sashimi" and "Sushi," and vitamin supplementation) may influence the mercury concentration in breast milk.
本研究旨在评估台湾城市母亲以及嫁给渔民的母亲的母乳汞总浓度及其对婴儿的健康风险，并探讨其与鱼类摄入量的关系。共招募了68名健康母亲参与本研究。城市组母乳汞几何平均浓度为2.02微克/升（n = 56，范围：0.24 - 9.45微克/升），渔民组为2.04微克/升（n = 12，范围：0.26 - 8.62微克/升）。在汞暴露的三种来源（即摄入（母乳）、吸入（环境空气）和皮肤接触（淋浴））中，母乳喂养被发现是最大的暴露源（占总暴露的96.3 - 99.6%）。通过蒙特卡洛模拟，其中甲基汞约占总汞的50%，城市婴儿中有12.9%、渔民婴儿中有18.8%的危害商（暴露估计值/口服最小风险水平或靶器官毒性剂量）超过1.0（慢性口服最小风险水平和靶器官毒性剂量：3×10⁻⁴毫克/千克/天）。对于一名体重3.49千克的城市男婴，计算得出的汞暴露量为3.02×10⁻¹微克/千克/天，对于一名体重3.44千克的城市女婴，为3.06×10⁻¹微克/千克/天。这些结果表明母亲的生活方式（食用生鱼和贝类，如“生鱼片”和“寿司”中使用的，以及补充维生素）可能会影响母乳中的汞浓度。
