Naughton Declan P, Petróczi Andrea
School of Life Sciences, Kingston University, London, UK.
Chem Cent J. 2008 Oct 30;2:22. doi: 10.1186/1752-153X-2-22.
Metal ions such as iron and copper are among the key nutrients that must be provided by dietary sources. Numerous foodstuffs have been evaluated for their contributions to the recommended daily allowance both to guide for satisfactory intake and also to prevent over exposure. In the case of heavy metal ions, the focus is often on exposure to potentially toxic levels of ions such as lead and mercury. The aim of this study is to determine target hazard quotients (THQ) from literature reports giving empirical levels of metal ions in table wines using the reference upper safe limit value. Contributions to the THQ value were calculated for seven metal ions along with total values for each wine.
The THQ values were determined as ranges from previously reported ranges of metal ion concentrations and were frequently concerningly high. Apart from the wines selected from Italy, Brazil and Argentina, all other wines exhibited THQ values significantly greater than one indicating levels of risk. The levels of vanadium, copper and manganese had the highest impact on THQ measures. Typical potential maximum THQ values ranged from 50 to 200 with Hungarian and Slovakian wines reaching 300. THQ values for a sample of red and white wines were high for both having values ranging from 30 to 80 for females based on a 250 mL glass per day.
The THQ values calculated are concerning in that they are mainly above the safe level of THQ<1. It is notable that in the absence of upper safe limits, THQ values cannot be calculated for most metal ions, suggesting that further unaccountable risks are associated with intake of these wines.
铁和铜等金属离子是必须从饮食来源获取的关键营养素。人们已对众多食品对推荐每日摄入量的贡献进行了评估，以指导合理摄入并防止过量摄入。对于重金属离子，重点往往在于接触潜在有毒水平的离子，如铅和汞。本研究的目的是根据文献报道中使用参考安全上限值给出的餐酒中金属离子的实测水平，确定目标危害商数（THQ）。计算了七种金属离子对THQ值的贡献以及每种葡萄酒的总值。
THQ值根据先前报道的金属离子浓度范围确定，且常常高得令人担忧。除了从意大利、巴西和阿根廷挑选的葡萄酒外，所有其他葡萄酒的THQ值均显著大于1，表明存在风险水平。钒、铜和锰的含量对THQ测量影响最大。典型的潜在最大THQ值范围为50至200，匈牙利和斯洛伐克的葡萄酒达到300。对于红葡萄酒和白葡萄酒样本，基于每天饮用一杯250毫升的量，女性的THQ值都很高，范围为30至80。
计算得出的THQ值令人担忧，因为它们主要高于THQ<1的安全水平。值得注意的是，在没有安全上限的情况下，大多数金属离子无法计算THQ值，这表明饮用这些葡萄酒存在更多无法解释的风险。
