Tippett J
Centre for Urban and Regional Ecology, School of Planning and Landscape, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
Water Sci Technol. 2005;52(9):95-105.
The European Union Water Framework Directive (WFD) offers an unparalleled opportunity for improving river basin management. Active participation is essential for its delivery. "End-of-pipe" solutions will not deliver the improvements needed to achieve its ambitious goals. This research tested DesignWays, a toolkit for participatory planning, as a mechanism for maximizing the long-term social and environmental benefits of such stakeholder and community participation. It examined the emerging role of "planning for sustainability" in the context of river catchments. Sustainable management of water requires integration, and recognition of interconnections between systems at different levels of scale. This is an endeavour in which systems thinking provides useful tools. The development of DesignWays was a conscious attempt to embed 'new paradigm' living systems metaphors into a practical planning tool. This paper begins with a description of DesignWays and its development in Southern Africa. An outline of the context of the action research in North-West England is followed by a description of the stages of the process, with highlights of the outcomes. This research had two major outcomes: a contribution to theory through an in-depth exploration of the theoretical basis of participatory, ecologically informed design; and a contribution to practice through investigating DesignWays' potential to meet key challenges of the WFD. This research points to the importance of understanding participatory planning as a societal process, aiming to make the process engaging and meaningful. It has pointed to the need to see participatory planning and education for sustainability as an integrated process. It demonstrated the benefits of an iterative process in which planning at the landscape level of scale informs, and is informed by, work at the site level. It has shown that an approach consistent with a living systems paradigm can contribute to the development of more integrated, ecologically sound plans.
欧盟水框架指令（WFD）为改善流域管理提供了前所未有的机遇。积极参与对于其实施至关重要。“末端治理”解决方案无法实现其宏伟目标所需的改进。本研究测试了DesignWays（一种参与式规划工具包），将其作为一种机制，以最大限度地提高此类利益相关者和社区参与的长期社会和环境效益。它研究了“可持续发展规划”在河流集水区背景下的新兴作用。水的可持续管理需要整合，并认识到不同尺度系统之间的相互联系。这是一项系统思维能提供有用工具的工作。DesignWays的开发是一次有意识的尝试，将“新范式”的生命系统隐喻融入到一个实用的规划工具中。本文首先描述了DesignWays及其在南部非洲的发展情况。接着概述了英格兰西北部行动研究的背景，然后描述了该过程的各个阶段，并突出了成果。这项研究有两个主要成果：通过深入探索参与式、生态导向设计的理论基础对理论做出了贡献；通过调查DesignWays应对水框架指令关键挑战的潜力对实践做出了贡献。这项研究指出了将参与式规划理解为一个社会过程的重要性，旨在使该过程具有吸引力和意义。它指出了将参与式规划和可持续发展教育视为一个综合过程的必要性。它展示了一个迭代过程的好处，即景观尺度的规划为场地尺度的工作提供信息，同时也受到场地尺度工作的影响。它表明，一种与生命系统范式一致的方法有助于制定更综合、生态健全的规划。
