Kamoun Sophien
Department of Plant Pathology, Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, Ohio 44691, USA.
Annu Rev Phytopathol. 2006;44:41-60. doi: 10.1146/annurev.phyto.44.070505.143436.
The oomycetes form a phylogenetically distinct group of eukaryotic microorganisms that includes some of the most notorious pathogens of plants. Oomycetes accomplish parasitic colonization of plants by modulating host cell defenses through an array of disease effector proteins. The biology of effectors is poorly understood but tremendous progress has been made in recent years. This review classifies and catalogues the effector secretome of oomycetes. Two classes of effectors target distinct sites in the host plant: Apoplastic effectors are secreted into the plant extracellular space, and cytoplasmic effectors are translocated inside the plant cell, where they target different subcellular compartments. Considering that five species are undergoing genome sequencing and annotation, we are rapidly moving toward genome-wide catalogues of oomycete effectors. Already, it is evident that the effector secretome of pathogenic oomycetes is more complex than expected, with perhaps several hundred proteins dedicated to manipulating host cell structure and function.
卵菌纲构成了一类在系统发育上独特的真核微生物群体，其中包括一些最为臭名昭著的植物病原体。卵菌纲通过一系列致病效应蛋白调节宿主细胞防御，从而实现对植物的寄生定殖。效应蛋白的生物学特性尚不清楚，但近年来已取得了巨大进展。本综述对卵菌纲的效应蛋白分泌组进行了分类和编目。两类效应蛋白靶向宿主植物中的不同位点：质外体效应蛋白被分泌到植物细胞外空间，而细胞质效应蛋白则转移到植物细胞内部，在那里它们靶向不同的亚细胞区室。鉴于有五个物种正在进行基因组测序和注释，我们正迅速朝着卵菌纲效应蛋白的全基因组编目迈进。目前已经很明显，致病卵菌纲的效应蛋白分泌组比预期的更为复杂，可能有数百种蛋白质专门用于操纵宿主细胞的结构和功能。
