Almost Joan
Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
J Adv Nurs. 2006 Feb;53(4):444-53. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2006.03738.x.
The aim of this paper is to examine the concept of conflict in nursing work environments using the evolutionary approach to concept analysis.
In nursing work environments, conflict among nurses is becoming a significant issue resulting in job dissatisfaction, absenteeism, and turnover. Although discussed frequently in the nursing literature, nursing research has focused predominantly on conflict management without first understanding the elements, causes and effects of conflict.
A literature search was conducted using CINAHL, Proquest, PsychINFO, Social Sciences Index and MEDLINE databases and the keywords conflict and work environment. Articles over the last 25 years from each of these databases were examined to identify major themes, areas of agreement and disagreement across disciplines, changes in the concept over time, and emerging trends.
Conflict is a multidimensional construct with both detrimental and beneficial effects. Most definitions agree that conflict is a process involving two or more people, where a person perceives the opposition of the other. Antecedents stem from individual characteristics, interpersonal factors, and organizational factors. Individual effects, interpersonal relationships, and organizational effects are the main consequences of conflict. A theoretical model of the antecedents and consequences is presented, with implications for further development.
A more thorough understanding of the sources and outcomes of conflict within nursing work environments would enable the prevention of conflict. If properly understood and managed, conflict can also lead to positive outcomes for nurses and healthcare organizations.
本文旨在运用概念分析的进化方法，审视护理工作环境中的冲突概念。
在护理工作环境中，护士之间的冲突正成为一个重大问题，导致工作不满、旷工和人员流动。尽管在护理文献中经常被讨论，但护理研究主要集中在冲突管理上，而没有首先理解冲突的要素、原因和影响。
使用CINAHL、Proquest、PsychINFO、社会科学索引和MEDLINE数据库以及关键词“冲突”和“工作环境”进行文献检索。对这些数据库中过去25年的文章进行审查，以确定主要主题、各学科的共识和分歧领域、该概念随时间的变化以及新出现的趋势。
冲突是一个具有有害和有益影响的多维度概念。大多数定义都认为冲突是一个涉及两个或更多人的过程，其中一个人察觉到另一个人的反对。冲突的前因源于个人特征、人际因素和组织因素。个人影响、人际关系和组织影响是冲突的主要后果。本文提出了一个关于冲突前因和后果的理论模型，并对进一步发展具有启示意义。
更全面地理解护理工作环境中冲突的来源和结果将有助于预防冲突。如果得到正确理解和管理，冲突也可以为护士和医疗保健组织带来积极的结果。
