Truc Huynh, Alderson Marie, Thompson Mary
Etudiante de 3e cycle, Faculte des sciences infirmieres, Universitá de Montreal Quebec, Canada.
Rech Soins Infirm. 2009 Jun(97):34-49.
Caring is considered as the essence of nursing. Underpinning caring, the internal regulation of emotions or the emotional labour of nurses is invisible. The concept of emotional labour is relatively underdeveloped in nursing.
A literature search using keywords 'emotional labour', 'emotional work' and 'emotions' was performed in CINAHL, psycINFO and REPERE from 1990 to January 2008. We analysed 72 papers whose main focus of inquiry was on emotional labour.
We followed Rodgers' evolutionary method of concept analysis.
Emotional labour is a process whereby nurse adopt a 'work persona' to express their autonomous, surface or deep emotions during patient encounters. Antecedents to this adoption of a work persona are events occurring during patient-nurse encounters, and which consist of three elements : organization (i.e.social norms, social support), nurse (i.e.role identification, professional commitment, work experience and interpersonal skills) and job (i.e.autonomy, task routine, degree of emotional demand, interaction frequency and work complexity). The attributes of emotional labour have two dimensions : nurses' autonomous response and their work persona strategies (i.e. surface or deep acts). The consequences of emotional labour include organizational (i.e.productivity, 'cheerful environment') and nurse aspects (i.e. negative or positive)
the concept of emotional labour should be introduced into preregistration programmes. Nurses also need to have time and a supportive environment to reflect, understand and discuss their emotional labour in caring for 'difficult' patients to deflate the dominant discourse about 'problem' patients.
关怀被视为护理的精髓。支撑关怀的是护士的情绪内部调节或情绪劳动，这是无形的。情绪劳动的概念在护理领域相对欠发达。
1990年至2008年1月期间，在CINAHL、心理学文摘数据库（psycINFO）和REPERE中使用关键词“情绪劳动”“情绪工作”和“情绪”进行了文献检索。我们分析了72篇主要研究重点为情绪劳动的论文。
我们遵循罗杰斯的概念分析演进方法。
情绪劳动是一个过程，在此过程中护士采用“工作角色”在与患者接触时表达自主、表层或深层情绪。采用工作角色的前提是护患接触期间发生的事件，这些事件由三个要素组成：组织（即社会规范、社会支持）、护士（即角色认同、职业承诺、工作经验和人际交往技能）和工作（即自主性、任务常规性、情绪需求程度、互动频率和工作复杂性）。情绪劳动的属性有两个维度：护士的自主反应及其工作角色策略（即表层或深层行为）。情绪劳动的后果包括组织方面（即生产力、“愉悦的环境”）和护士方面（即消极或积极）。
情绪劳动的概念应引入注册前培训项目。护士也需要有时间和支持性环境来反思、理解和讨论他们在护理“难对付”患者时的情绪劳动，以打破关于“问题”患者的主导话语。
