Johansen Anette, Rasmussen Søren, Madsen Mette
National Institute of Public Health, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Scand J Public Health. 2006;34(1):32-40. doi: 10.1080/14034940510032158.
The aim of this study was to assess the relative influence of school class on health behaviour among adolescents versus that of the family's socioeconomic status and individual factors among adolescents.
The material comprised 3,458 students in grades 8 and 9 in 244 school classes. Data were collected through questionnaires completed by the students and by their class teacher and information from the school physician. Multilevel analysis was used to indicate the relative significance of individual and school class characteristics.
We find no consistent pattern between the mother's socioeconomic status and the included health behaviour measurements; however, adolescents from the lower socioeconomic groups had a higher risk of unhealthy dietary habits and adolescents whose mothers were unemployed had a significantly lower risk of drinking alcohol weekly versus all other adolescents. Not living with both biological parents, focusing on friends, and not being very academically proficient were associated with an increased risk of harmful health behaviour. Health behaviour varied substantially between school classes, especially for daily smoking, weekly alcohol consumption, and use of hashish and other euphoriants. Circumstances in the school class more profoundly influenced risk behaviour among adolescents (smoking, alcohol consumption, and use of hashish or other euphoriants) than their dietary habits (eating breakfast, frequent intake of fruit and vegetables, and frequent intake of soft drinks).
The school class had the relatively strongest influence on adolescents' risk behaviour (smoking, alcohol intake, and use of hashish or other euphoriants), whereas family circumstances comprised the strongest influence on dietary habits.
本研究旨在评估学校班级对青少年健康行为的相对影响，以及与青少年家庭社会经济地位和个体因素的影响进行对比。
研究材料包括244个学校班级的3458名八年级和九年级学生。数据通过学生及其班主任填写的问卷以及学校医生提供的信息收集。采用多水平分析来表明个体和学校班级特征的相对重要性。
我们发现母亲的社会经济地位与所纳入的健康行为测量指标之间没有一致的模式；然而，社会经济地位较低群体的青少年有更高的不健康饮食习惯风险，而母亲失业的青少年每周饮酒的风险明显低于所有其他青少年。与非亲生父母双方同住、注重朋友以及学业不太优秀与有害健康行为风险增加有关。学校班级之间的健康行为差异很大，尤其是在每日吸烟、每周饮酒以及使用大麻和其他兴奋剂方面。学校班级环境对青少年的风险行为（吸烟、饮酒以及使用大麻或其他兴奋剂）的影响比对其饮食习惯（吃早餐、经常摄入水果和蔬菜以及经常摄入软饮料）的影响更为深远。
学校班级对青少年的风险行为（吸烟、饮酒以及使用大麻或其他兴奋剂）影响相对最强，而家庭环境对饮食习惯影响最大。
