Aberg Yngwe Monica, Lundberg Olle, Burström Bo
Centre for Health Equity Studies (CHESS), Stockholm University/Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.
Scand J Public Health. 2006;34(1):76-82. doi: 10.1080/14034940510032176.
Relative deprivation has in previous studies been put forward as a possible mechanism in the income and health relation. To capture the importance of social comparisons analytically has been problematic due to the difficulty in identifying reference groups of significance for the individual. The authors suggest that using the individual's own preferences, arguing these to be preferences of both society and reference groups internalized by the individual, may partly bridge this problem.
The study is based on the Swedish Survey of Living Conditions 1998 including a list of 37 consumption items and activities. By counting the items that the individual cannot afford, but at the same time considers to be a necessity and something that all adults should afford, a measure of self-rated deprivation (SRD) is constructed. The outcome measure used is less than good self-rated health and limiting longstanding illness. Men and women aged 25-64 years are included.
Over the different groups of self-rated deprivation a clear gradient in ill health, for both health measures, was found among women. The results for men seemed to dichotomize between non-deprived and those deprived on at least one item. The logistic regression models showed that even after adjusting for socioeconomic group and cash margin, there was a significant effect of self-rated deprivation.
A significant relation was found between self-rated deprivation and ill health, both less than good health and limiting longstanding illness. Self-rated deprivation had a stronger impact on women than men.
在以往研究中，相对剥夺被提出作为收入与健康关系中的一种可能机制。由于难以确定对个体具有重要意义的参照群体，从分析角度把握社会比较的重要性存在问题。作者认为，利用个体自身的偏好，认为这些偏好是个体内化的社会和参照群体的偏好，可能部分解决这一问题。
该研究基于1998年瑞典生活条件调查，其中包括一份37项消费项目和活动的清单。通过计算个体负担不起但同时认为是必需品且所有成年人都应负担得起的项目数量，构建了一种自我评定剥夺感（SRD）指标。所使用的结果指标为自我评定健康状况不佳和长期存在的限制性疾病。纳入年龄在25 - 64岁之间的男性和女性。
在不同的自我评定剥夺感群体中，对于这两项健康指标，女性中均发现了健康状况的明显梯度差异。男性的结果似乎在未被剥夺者和至少一项被剥夺者之间出现了二分法。逻辑回归模型显示，即使在调整了社会经济群体和现金充裕程度后，自我评定剥夺感仍有显著影响。
自我评定剥夺感与健康状况不佳（包括自我评定健康状况不佳和长期存在的限制性疾病）之间存在显著关系。自我评定剥夺感对女性的影响比对男性的影响更强。
