Stanford Kristin I, Mickleborough Timothy D, Ray Shahla, Lindley Martin R, Koceja David M, Stager Joel M
Biomedical Sciences, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Eur J Appl Physiol. 2006 Apr;96(6):703-10. doi: 10.1007/s00421-005-0067-7. Epub 2006 Feb 1.
The main aim of this study was to investigate whether there is a relationship between menstrual cycle phase and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) in female athletes with mild atopic asthma. Seven eumenorrheic subjects with regular 28-day menstrual cycles were exercised to volitional exhaustion on day 5 [mid-follicular (FOL)] and day 21 [mid-luteal (LUT)] of their menstrual cycle. Pulmonary function tests were conducted pre- and post-exercise. The maximal percentage decline in post-exercise forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1)) and forced expiratory flow from 25 to 75% of forced vital capacity (FEF(25-75%)) was significantly greater (P<0.05) on day 21 (mid-LUT phase) (-17.35+/-2.32 and -26.28+/-6.04%, respectively), when salivary progesterone concentration was highest, compared to day 5 (mid-FOL phase) (-12.81+/-3.35 and -17.23+/-8.20%, respectively), when salivary progesterone concentration was lowest. The deterioration in the severity of EIB during the mid-LUT phase was accompanied by worsening asthma symptoms and increased bronchodilator use. There was a negative correlation between the percent change in pre- to post-exercise FEV(1) and salivary progesterone concentration. However, no such correlation was found between salivary estradiol and the percentage change in pre- to post-exercise FEV(1). This study has shown for the first time that menstrual cycle phase is an important determinant of the severity of EIB in female athletes with mild atopic asthma. Female asthmatic athletes may need to adjust their training and competition schedules to their menstrual cycle and to consider the potential negative effects of the LUT phase of the menstrual cycle on exercise performance.
本研究的主要目的是调查轻度特应性哮喘女性运动员的月经周期阶段与运动诱发的支气管收缩（EIB）之间是否存在关联。七名月经周期规律为28天的正常行经女性受试者在其月经周期的第5天[卵泡中期（FOL）]和第21天[黄体中期（LUT）]进行运动直至自愿性疲劳。在运动前和运动后进行肺功能测试。与唾液孕酮浓度最低的第5天（卵泡中期）（分别为-12.81±3.35和-17.23±8.20%）相比，在唾液孕酮浓度最高的第21天（黄体中期），运动后1秒用力呼气量（FEV₁）和用力肺活量25%至75%之间的用力呼气流量（FEF₂₅₋₇₅%）的最大下降百分比显著更大（P<0.05）（分别为-17.35±2.32和-26.28±6.04%）。黄体中期EIB严重程度的恶化伴随着哮喘症状的加重和支气管扩张剂使用的增加。运动前至运动后FEV₁的变化百分比与唾液孕酮浓度之间存在负相关。然而，未发现唾液雌二醇与运动前至运动后FEV₁的变化百分比之间存在此类相关性。本研究首次表明，月经周期阶段是轻度特应性哮喘女性运动员EIB严重程度的重要决定因素。患有哮喘的女性运动员可能需要根据其月经周期调整训练和比赛日程，并考虑月经周期黄体期对运动表现的潜在负面影响。
