Brown Terry P, Rumsby Paul C, Capleton Alexander C, Rushton Lesley, Levy Leonard S
Medical Research Council Institute for Environment and Health,University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.
Environ Health Perspect. 2006 Feb;114(2):156-64. doi: 10.1289/ehp.8095.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is an idiopathic disease of the nervous system characterized by progressive tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, and postural instability. It has been postulated that exogenous toxicants, including pesticides, might be involved in the etiology of PD. In this article we present a comprehensive review of the published epidemiologic and toxicologic literature and critically evaluate whether a relationship exists between pesticide exposure and PD. From the epidemiologic literature, there does appear to be a relatively consistent relationship between pesticide exposure and PD. This relationship appears strongest for exposure to herbicides and insecticides, and after long durations of exposure. Toxicologic data suggest that paraquat and rotenone may have neurotoxic actions that potentially play a role in the development of PD, with limited data for other pesticides. However, both the epidemiology and toxicology studies were limited by methodologic weaknesses. Particular issues of current and future interest include multiple exposures (both pesticides and other exogenous toxicants), developmental exposures, and gene-environment interactions. At present, the weight of evidence is sufficient to conclude that a generic association between pesticide exposure and PD exists but is insufficient for concluding that this is a causal relationship or that such a relationship exists for any particular pesticide compound or combined pesticide and other exogenous toxicant exposure.
帕金森病（PD）是一种特发性神经系统疾病，其特征为进行性震颤、运动迟缓、僵硬和姿势不稳。据推测，包括农药在内的外源性毒物可能与帕金森病的病因有关。在本文中，我们对已发表的流行病学和毒理学文献进行了全面综述，并严格评估了农药暴露与帕金森病之间是否存在关联。从流行病学文献来看，农药暴露与帕金森病之间似乎确实存在相对一致的关联。这种关联在接触除草剂和杀虫剂以及长期接触后似乎最为明显。毒理学数据表明，百草枯和鱼藤酮可能具有神经毒性作用，可能在帕金森病的发展中发挥作用，而关于其他农药的数据有限。然而，流行病学和毒理学研究都受到方法学缺陷的限制。当前和未来特别值得关注的问题包括多种暴露（农药和其他外源性毒物）、发育暴露以及基因-环境相互作用。目前，证据权重足以得出农药暴露与帕金森病之间存在一般性关联的结论，但不足以得出这是因果关系的结论，也不足以得出这种关系存在于任何特定农药化合物或农药与其他外源性毒物联合暴露的结论。
