Kolbe-Alexander T L, Lambert E V, Charlton K E
MRC/UCT Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town and Chronic Diseases of Lifestyle Unit, South Africa.
J Nutr Health Aging. 2006 Jan-Feb;10(1):21-9.
The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a community-based, low-intensity exercise programme in older adults from socio-economically and historically disadvantaged communities.
Three community centres were selected: two were allocated to the same 20-week, twice-weekly exercise program (EX1, n=38; EX2, n=32); and a third to relaxation classes (control/CTL; n=21). Measurements at baseline, 10 and 20 weeks included field tests for anthropometry, static and dynamic balance, gait, upper and lower body strength, 6-minute walk test, blood pressure, activities of daily living (ADL), instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), physical activity recall and self perceived health status.
Exercise training significantly improved dynamic balance in both groups (75.1+/-31.5 vs 55.3+/-13.6 s, and 53.3+/-17.0 vs 37.0+/-10.4 s, for EX1 and EX2, respectively, p < 0.001 compared to CTL (57+/-27 vs 53+/-15 s). Lower body strength, as measured by the number of sit-to-stand repetitions in 10 s was also significantly improved in both EX1 and EX2 (p<0.001). No significant changes occurred in the CTL group. Systolic blood pressure decreased in both EX1 and EX2 from baseline to 20 weeks (147.8+/-12.8 vs 143.9+/-3.3 mmHg and 143.0+/-13.9 vs 137.4+/-14.5 mmHg, respectively, p<0.009, compared to CTL (147+/-13 to 150+/-16 mmHg). Furthermore, in a sub sample of subjects who were hypertensive at the outset, exercise intervention was associated with a significant decrease in systolic blood pressure (n=26; 146+/-14 mmHg to 140+/-14 mmHg; p=0.005). Variables unaffected by exercise training were upper body strength, body composition and fat distribution, 20 m walk, cardiovascular endurance, time spent in recreational activities, self perceived health status and ADL.
A community-based, low intensity exercise programme improved dynamic balance and lower body strength in community dwelling older adults and improved blood pressure, particularly in those who were hypertensive.
本研究旨在评估一项基于社区的低强度运动计划对社会经济和历史上处于不利地位社区的老年人的有效性。
选择了三个社区中心：两个被分配到相同的为期20周、每周两次的运动计划（EX1，n = 38；EX2，n = 32）；第三个用于放松课程（对照组/CTL；n = 21）。在基线、10周和20周时进行的测量包括人体测量、静态和动态平衡、步态、上下肢力量的现场测试、6分钟步行测试、血压、日常生活活动（ADL）、工具性日常生活活动（IADL）、身体活动回忆和自我感知健康状况。
运动训练显著改善了两组的动态平衡（EX1为75.1±31.5秒对55.3±13.6秒，EX2为53.3±17.0秒对37.0±10.4秒，与对照组（57±27秒对53±15秒）相比，p < 0.001）。通过10秒内从坐到站的重复次数测量的下肢力量在EX1和EX2中也显著改善（p < 0.001）。对照组未发生显著变化。EX1和EX2从基线到20周收缩压均下降（分别为147.8±12.8毫米汞柱对143.9±3.3毫米汞柱和143.0±13.9毫米汞柱对137.4±14.5毫米汞柱，与对照组（147±13毫米汞柱至150±16毫米汞柱）相比，p < 0.009）。此外，在一开始患有高血压的受试者子样本中，运动干预与收缩压显著降低相关（n = 26；146±14毫米汞柱至140±14毫米汞柱；p = 0.005）。不受运动训练影响的变量是上肢力量、身体成分和脂肪分布、20米步行、心血管耐力、休闲活动时间、自我感知健康状况和ADL。
一项基于社区的低强度运动计划改善了社区居住老年人的动态平衡和下肢力量，并改善了血压，特别是在那些患有高血压的人中。
