Mukabana W Richard, Kannady Khadija, Kiama G Michael, Ijumba Jasper N, Mathenge Evan M, Kiche Ibrahim, Nkwengulila Gamba, Mboera Leonard, Mtasiwa Deo, Yamagata Yoichi, van Schayk Ingeborg, Knols Bart G J, Lindsay Steven W, Caldas de Castro Marcia, Mshinda Hassan, Tanner Marcel, Fillinger Ulrike, Killeen Gerry F
Department of Zoology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.
Malar J. 2006 Feb 3;5:9. doi: 10.1186/1475-2875-5-9.
Integrated vector management (IVM) for malaria control requires ecological skills that are very scarce and rarely applied in Africa today. Partnerships between communities and academic ecologists can address this capacity deficit, modernize the evidence base for such approaches and enable future scale up.
Community-based IVM programmes were initiated in two contrasting settings. On Rusinga Island, Western Kenya, community outreach to a marginalized rural community was achieved by University of Nairobi through a community-based organization. In Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, Ilala Municipality established an IVM programme at grassroots level, which was subsequently upgraded and expanded into a pilot scale Urban Malaria Control Programme with support from national academic institutes.
Both programmes now access relevant expertise, funding and policy makers while the academic partners benefit from direct experience of community-based implementation and operational research opportunities. The communities now access up-to-date malaria-related knowledge and skills for translation into local action. Similarly, the academic partners have acquired better understanding of community needs and how to address them.
Until sufficient evidence is provided, community-based IVM remains an operational research activity. Researchers can never directly support every community in Africa so community-based IVM strategies and tactics will need to be incorporated into undergraduate teaching programmes to generate sufficient numbers of practitioners for national scale programmes. Academic ecologists at African institutions are uniquely positioned to enable the application of practical environmental and entomological skills for malaria control by communities at grassroots level and should be supported to fulfil this neglected role.
用于疟疾控制的综合病媒管理（IVM）需要生态学技能，而如今这种技能在非洲极为稀缺且很少得到应用。社区与学术生态学家之间的伙伴关系能够弥补这一能力缺陷，使此类方法的证据基础现代化，并为未来的扩大规模创造条件。
在两种截然不同的环境中启动了基于社区的IVM项目。在肯尼亚西部的鲁辛加岛，内罗毕大学通过一个社区组织向一个边缘化农村社区进行了社区宣传。在坦桑尼亚的达累斯萨拉姆，伊拉拉市在基层建立了一个IVM项目，随后在国家学术机构的支持下将其升级并扩展为一个试点规模的城市疟疾控制项目。
两个项目现在都能接触到相关专业知识、资金和政策制定者，而学术伙伴则从基于社区的实施的直接经验和行动研究机会中受益。社区现在能够获取最新的疟疾相关知识和技能，以便转化为当地行动。同样，学术伙伴对社区需求以及如何满足这些需求有了更好的理解。
在提供充分证据之前，基于社区的IVM仍然是一项行动研究活动。研究人员永远无法直接支持非洲的每一个社区，因此基于社区的IVM战略和策略需要纳入本科教学计划，以培养足够数量的国家规模项目的从业者。非洲机构的学术生态学家具有独特的地位，能够使基层社区应用实用的环境和昆虫学技能来控制疟疾，应该得到支持以履行这一被忽视的角色。
